In view of the process control problems in sheet metal processing, the process was analyzed in detail, the main difficulties of the production process were summarized, and the selection of the best processing and improvement methods was analyzed. We hope that the requirements for the sheet metal processing process can be further improved.
0. Introduction
The special requirements for process control and quality assurance in the current sheet metal processing process complicate the current punching process. Therefore, process measurements must be optimized and improved according to the actual situation to improve the overall process quality and performance and meet the needs of industrial production.
1. Sheet metal processing process
1.1 Download
sheet should be cut first to obtain the blank sheet that meets subsequent processing requirements, and then carry out pre-processing. The unloading method is shear unloading, which uses the upper and lower knife mouth of shear stress to unload the metal material ; Because the cutting accuracy of the raw material is not high with this method, and in most cases there can only be holes, there is no need to cut corners of the strips when processing the material; Punching is a type of process that uses a punching machine to unfold the plate after shearing, a process that has the advantages of high speed and high precision and is often used in mass production, especially in the manufacture of parts and components. The production of parts and components can better reflect the advantages of high efficiency and low cost; Laser bottom cutting, even if the material is processed with a laser, the large sheet can also be cut into the desired shape with a laser. This undercutting method has great improvement in process efficiency and accuracy, is more accurate than other undercutting methods, and is more suitable for complex parts; Saw machine bottom cutting, the use of a saw machine that functions as a cutting machine, also has some precision problems, but it is suitable for processing shaped cylinders and square cylinders, and the cost is well controlled.
1.2 Flexion
The main objective is to control the bending radius and adapt the bending method according to the mechanical properties of the sheet. The minimum radius serves as the basis for determining the processing technology. When bending, pay attention to control the hole spacing and height if process conditions permit, as much as possible after processing the bent hole. Otherwise, subsequent processing operations may be easily affected. During the bending process, the mechanical properties of the material directly affect the precision and effectiveness of the process. Therefore, the bending process must be carried out strictly according to its mechanical properties to prevent the product quality from being affected.
1.3 Stretching
In sheet metal processing is Metal material must also be stretched; stretching is a more complex structure. The sheet material is not necessarily stretched evenly when stretched, resulting in uneven distribution of tension and different stretch thicknesses. Typically, the thickness of the bottom and middle parts remains the same, but the rounded part of the bottom is thinner. In comparison, the top is thicker and rectangular materials have larger rounded corners. Therefore, these changes mentioned above must be observed during stretching to ensure the quality of stretching. When stretching several times, attention should also be paid to the effect of material hardening; To have a greater effect on the work hardening phenomenon, the material can be heated after a stretching treatment to eliminate the stresses generated by stretching and improve its process performance.
1.4 Surface treatment and welding treatment
When manufacturing panels, various components often need to be assembled into new parts. They are typically welded to meet size and mechanical property requirements. Many welding processes, such as Some types of welding, such as gas welding and arc welding, are generally selected according to material and processing requirements. After welding is completed, surface treatment is also required, such as: B. using the cold rolling process for coating, which changes the surface properties, oxidizes the surface of the aluminum plate and processes brushed metal.
2. Difficulties in processing sheet metal
Sheet metal processing is mainly the process of processing sheet metal manually or through molding, molding it into a specific size and shape, and obtaining a more complex product shape through welding and other processing. Various sheet metal products such as Some components such as circuit breakers and industrial control cabinets can be manufactured by bending, welding, surface treatment and assembly. Therefore, it is necessary to find the most suitable machining technology according to machining and design requirements to ensure product quality and meet appearance requirements. At the same time, with the rapid development of Chinese industrial technology, the production of sheet metal parts has become more and more complex; To meet this requirement, more rigorous production processes and precise control are needed. Various parts of the working mold design are also more varied and not solid nor modular, which makes sheet metal processing difficult.
3. Measures for sheet metal processing technology
3.1 Material selection for sheet metal processing
Sheet metal is the basis of sheet metal processing. When selecting sheet metal, it is necessary to ensure the strength of the sheet metal, ensure easy access to metal materials and effectively control the cost of the sheet metal, but also carry out reasonable control of the processing process to ensure the diversified use of materials and avoid waste of materials. At the same time, appropriate functional materials must be selected for different process requirements. When there are certain requirements for the structural performance of the plate, the thin steel plate compression strengthening method can be used to improve the overall performance of the plate.
3.2 Quality control of hole defect structure
Sheet metal processing requires a lot of cutting and drilling work. If the holes are not designed correctly, it will affect the subsequent process, which not only affects the appearance of the product but also its performance. Therefore, the cutting and drilling methods during production must be designed accordingly, especially to control the square hole processing part of the workpiece and avoid changes in the hole position due to the sheet material during processing. Some drilling processes also require tapping the thread, so you can use weld nuts, rivet nuts and other methods to meet product quality requirements.
3.3 Quality control during welding
Welding is another important part of panel manufacturing. Its main purpose is to combine parts into a complete whole, ensure welding quality, achieve welding effect, ensure product quality appearance, and prevent cracks or gaps from affecting product quality. When welding, it is not necessary to use surface welding, but rather to carry out fillet welding. According to the characteristics of the material itself and the actual performance requirements, carbon dioxide arc welding, gas welding, argon arc welding, etc. To effectively control the welding quality, surface processing such as polishing must be carried out on the welded joints. Due to the thin thickness of the plate, the welding time and current must be precisely controlled to avoid problems in the process, especially in the welding process. Deformation must be effectively controlled to ensure process quality. When welding, attention should be paid to selecting suitable methods, for example, to ensure the symmetry of the welding point and the appearance of the product. To avoid affecting the mechanical properties of the product due to too large a gap, the distance between the weld and the solder joint must be strictly controlled.
After completion, it must also be polished and leveled to ensure the beauty of the weld.
4. Advanced process in sheet metal processing
4.1 Laser processing technology
Due to the good laser coherence and direction, the effect on the metal surface is relatively small. There is no deformation of the metal, so the machining process can be precisely controlled, which is an ideal technology. The basic principle is to shoot the laser at the plate to form a focal point and transmit the laser to transmit energy, thereby generating heat in the focusing part and evaporating the metal material to obtain the cutting effect. A microcomputer controls the laser processing equipment, and the laser cutting point can be flexibly adjusted according to the design pattern and shape to achieve the purpose of cutting the board with high precision. At the same time, the invention can also process the workpiece effectively and quickly.
4.2 Computer-aided processing
Using computers to control the entire process can achieve greater precision and replace manual labor in certain complicated processing operations. This overcomes the problems of low efficiency of manual operations, low level of standardization and low quality control. Consider earlier laser processing and computer-aided control technology. You can get precise control of the workpiece. The core of CAD is graphic design, which significantly reduces the labor intensity of design and development personnel. Advanced parametric design software can largely eliminate human errors. CAD software is the foundation of CAM. CAM technology also expands the function of the machining system and combines the database with modular design to determine the process module after programming and integrating with the materials in the database. The system can fully rely on the computer for automation, overcoming the shortcomings of previous design inefficiency and the high cost of trial and error to meet design accuracy requirements. Future CAD, CAE and CAM systems will have greater importance in mechanical engineering.
4.3 Application of laser processing technology
The rapid development of sheet metal processing technology in recent years has led to its widespread use in the undercutting process due to its consistency and good direction. When the laser beams a spot on the sheet metal, it vaporizes the metal in a fraction of a second, solving many problems encountered in traditional sheet metal processing. Traditional sheet metal processing processes generally use a fixed method. However, laser processing uses a flexible cutting method, so the entire cutting process is fully controlled by a computer, which improves cutting accuracy and the quality and efficiency of sheet metal processing.
4.4 Care during the editing process
In the selection process, it is necessary to carefully analyze and model the composition of components and select the appropriate tool according to the material, so as to avoid thoughtless use of the tool that reduces machining efficiency, and make a reasonable combination of different tools to maximize the benefits of different tools and avoid tool damage. If the tool is incorrect or exceeds the standard, e.g. B. if there is heavy wear, the tool must be replaced immediately with a new one to ensure that the process runs smoothly.
5. Conclusion
In the manufacturing process of sheet metal parts, according to the actual processing requirements, the appropriate processing methods and sheet metal must be selected to meet the product performance, efficiency and quality requirements. In production, it is necessary to correctly recognize the process of cutting, bending, welding and other processes, and take effective measures according to the shortcomings of processing methods to make the processing work more perfect, while making full use of the Advanced process to achieve production efficiency and to improve overall quality.
