A welding robot laser is a monochromatic, directionally focused beam of energy produced using the principle of light amplification accomplished by stimulated radiation. It can generate an energy beam with a diameter of less than 0.01 mm and a power density of up to 10 W/m 2 .
This beam of energy can be used as a heat source for welding, cutting and surface coating of materials.
C elderly robot
The laser welding process of a welding robot involves using visible or ultraviolet light as a heat source to melt and connect workpieces. Laser energy is highly focused at one point, which increases its energy density, making it an effective welding method.
During the welding process, the laser beam is directed towards the surface of the material, where it is partially reflected and partially absorbed by the material. For opaque materials, the transmitted light is absorbed, and the linear absorption coefficient of the metal is typically 107-108/m.
In the case of metals, the laser is absorbed at a thickness of 0.01-0.1m on the surface of the metal, which is transformed into thermal energy, causing the temperature of the metal to increase and be transmitted to the interior of the metal. The vaporized metal helps prevent residual energy from being reflected by the metal.
The penetration of the laser beam is affected by the thermal conductivity of the material. The reflection, transmission and absorption of the laser on the surface of the material are the result of the interaction between the electromagnetic field of the light wave and the material.
When the laser light wave falls on the material, the charged particles in the material vibrate according to the rhythm of the electric vector of the light wave, converting the radiation energy of the photon into the kinetic energy of the electron. The excess energy of some particles, such as the kinetic energy of free electrons and the excitation energy of bound electrons, is transformed into thermal energy.
Compared to other light sources, the laser has unique characteristics, such as high directivity, brightness (photon intensity), monochromaticity and coherence. The conversion of light energy absorbed by the material into thermal energy occurs in a very short time (about 10s) and is limited to the region of laser radiation.
Laser absorptivity by metal depends on laser wavelength, material properties, temperature, surface condition, and laser power density. Solid state YAG (yttrium-aluminum-garnet) laser and CO 2 gas laser are the two main types of laser used in welding.
