Inspection and maintenance of a punching machine are vital measures to ensure its normal functioning and extend its useful life. Here are some key aspects of punch press inspection and maintenance:
Daily cleaning and lubrication: Regularly clean the surface of the machine, check the oil pressure, make sure each switch and function button is working properly, clean and lubricate the slide rails and screws weekly, and add grease to the linear slide rails monthly , screws and sliders, clean the oil distribution tube, and inspect and clean the main engine case and distribution box.
Electrical System Inspection: This includes electromagnetic valves in addition to the clutch electromagnetic valve, ensuring that they are clean, free of dust, free of water and properly tightened. Also, check the pneumatic system to ensure the air path is unobstructed, the cylinders are flexible, and the valves are reliable.
Inspection and Adjustment of Mechanical Parts: This includes comprehensive clearance, parallelism and perpendicularity inspection and adjustment of machine body, transmission parts, clutch parts, brake and balance cylinder. Particularly, adjusting the clearance between the slider and guide rail is crucial to accuracy.
Inspection of safety devices: Make sure each safety device such as photoelectric protection safety eyes, emergency stop button switches, etc. is working properly.
Troubleshooting and maintenance: During operation, if problems such as insufficient clearance or poor lubrication arise, the guide rail must be ground, clearance adjusted, and lubrication monitored. For CNC punching machines, it is also necessary to check whether the bearing oil is clean and whether there is sufficient lubricating oil.
Regular maintenance: After every 1,500-2,000 hours of use, maintenance should be carried out, including inspection and adjustment of the grease discharge volume of the punch slide and pressure detection function, filter, oil feeder adjustment valve and others functions, as well as water impurity tests and necessary adjustments.
Consideration of environmental factors: Choose an appropriate operating environment such as temperature, humidity, vibration, supply voltage, etc. to accommodate the characteristics of the CNC punching machine.
Daily maintenance:
- Check the lubrication status of the main engine.
- Check air pressure.
- Check the power light and emergency button.
- Check the clutch solenoid valve
- Check the feed stroke.
- Check whether the emergency cut-off function is ok
- Check that the bent shaft stops at top dead center.
- Make sure instruments are under a specialized track
Weekly maintenance:
- Check the oil level.
- Check to see if the cam controller is loose or dislodged.
- Check if the contacts are loose.
- Check the cable
- Check slide block and adjustment mechanism
Two monthly maintenance
- Clean the air filter. Adjust the triangle belt.
- Check the cam controller box.
- Check the control relay and operating buttons and switches
- Check the solenoid valve winding
Biannual maintenance
- Change the transmission gear lubricating oil
- Change the connecting rod thread lubricating oil
- Change the lubricating oil in the sliding block oil pan
- Check that the instruments are indicating that they are working correctly
- Make sure the insulation resistance is above 2MΩ
Safety Regulations:
- Connect the clutch only after the engine is operating at full speed
- Do not use the machine when the protective device is removed
- Do not place your feet on the pedal or accidents may be caused
- Do not press two sheets at the same time
- This press cannot be used for coining work
- Cut the power when the operator leaves the machine
What are the best practices for daily cleaning and lubrication of punch presses?
Best practices for daily cleaning and lubrication of punch presses mainly include the following aspects:
Clean and lubricate the guide rails every day to ensure the normal operation of the machine tool and extend its service life. For machine tools with automatic lubrication systems, regularly check and clean the automatic lubrication system, check the oil level, add lubricating oil in a timely manner, and ensure that the oil pump starts and stops on schedule.
Regularly clean all parts of the machine tool to keep it clean, while also checking whether any fasteners are loose and cleaning the thread of wool and felt, etc., to maintain the good working condition of the machine tool.
For new machines or specific parts (such as flywheels), add an appropriate amount of lubricating oil (such as yellow oil) during initial use to reduce wear and increase work efficiency.
Make sure the lubricating oil pump works normally, the oil pressure switch works properly, and the air system can regulate pressure and filter, ensuring the stable operation of the system.
For high-speed precision punching machines, the oil tank, pipelines and filters should be cleaned and the oil changed once two months after the first use, and then cleaned every six months, and regularly change the oil and clean it. it according to actual conditions to maintain the cleanliness and effectiveness of the lubrication system.
When using lubricating grease, pay attention to the application areas on the punch press, which should be approximately the same as that of lubricating oil, because lubricating grease has the functions of sealing, gap filling and rust prevention, but the appropriate hardness should be selected accordingly with the load or conditions of use.
What are the standard procedures and techniques for adjusting the mechanical parts of a punch press?
The standard procedures and techniques for adjusting the mechanical parts of a punching machine mainly include the following aspects:
Stroke adjustment: In actual production, the stroke of the punch press is adjusted by installing limit switches to switch circuits. This requires installing the limit switch in a pre-established position so that when the moving parts reach the limit switch, the contacts actuate, thus completing the stroke adjustment.
Safe operating procedures: When installing the mold, it must be ensured that the slider opens to bottom dead center, that the closing height is correct, and that eccentric loads are avoided as much as possible. After initial positioning of the mold, tighten it, bring the punch closer to the mold in jog mode, then observe and tighten the punch nut to ensure accurate mold alignment.
Leveling adjustment: After using the punching machine for some time, parts may become loose or other problems occur, at which point it is necessary to level and adjust it. First, the punch press frame needs to be completely fixed.
Raw material adjustment: Before stamping, there must be a sheet metal straightening adjustment process or an automatic correction jig to ensure that the raw materials enter the mold cavity smoothly.
CNC punching machine operation and maintenance: CNC punching machine should be operated and maintained by an expert, overlapping punching is prohibited to avoid overloading the machine. In addition, it is prohibited to loosen or adjust the material stop or blade clearance by beating.
Mold installation and adjustment: Before the experiment, check whether lubricating oil has been added to the moving parts of the punch press, and start the punch press to check whether the clutch and brake are normal. After turning off the power, wait for the moving parts of the punch press to stop working before starting to install and adjust the mold. After installation and adjustment is completed, manually move the handwheel to try punching twice, and only after being checked by the instructor can the punching machine be started.
Spindle bearing installation and adjustment: After the spindle component has been used for a while, the bearing wear clearance will increase and need to be readjusted. Therefore, the spindle component must have a bearing clearance adjustment structure.
Adjustment of the main components of the precision punch press: This includes adjustments of the slider top dead center stop position, rotary cam controller, closed height, stamping speed (SPM) and so on. These adjustments are an important part of operating a precision punch press.
What are the common problems and solutions related to safety protection devices when using punching machines?
Common problems and solutions related to safety protection devices when using punching machines include the following aspects:
The solution is to improve safety protection, increase mechanization, and ensure that all necessary safety protection devices are complete and effective.
Maintenance and upkeep of photoelectric protective devices: Photoelectric protective devices protect the operator by emitting infrared rays to form a light curtain. To ensure its normal operation and extend its useful life, regular maintenance and maintenance is necessary.
Sensitivity and reliability of clutches and brakes: High-performance punching machines can cause safety accidents if they do not have clutches and brakes or if these components are not sufficiently sensitive and reliable. The solution is to ensure that clutches, brakes and their control devices are sensitive and reliable, that fasteners are not loose and that the grounding protection of electrical appliances is reliable.
Need for automatic feed protection devices: During continuous stamping, there must be automatic feed protection devices or other protective measures to prevent injuries caused by improper operation.
Operator training and awareness: Punching machine operators must undergo training to master the structure and performance of the equipment, become familiar with operating procedures, and obtain operating licenses before they can operate independently. They must properly use the equipment's safety protection and control devices and must not arbitrarily dismantle them.
When maintaining a punching machine, how can we effectively measure and adjust the amount and pressure of lubricating oil?
When maintaining a punching machine, the method to effectively measure and adjust the amount and pressure of lubricating oil involves several steps and techniques.
Firstly, for lubricating oil detection, we can carry out tests using physicochemical indicators, trend analysis of oil additives and qualitative and quantitative analysis of wear particles and contaminants.
Specifically, physical performance indicators require the measurement of viscosity, viscosity index, moisture, flash point, pour point and cloud point, mechanical impurities, insolubles, spot tests, oxidation resistance, emulsion resistance, formation resistance foam, wear resistance and extreme pressure performance.
Chemical performance indicators include the total number of acids and the total number of bases.
Furthermore, professional instruments such as infrared spectrometers, viscometers and elemental analyzers can be used to test the quality of lubricating oil.
To adjust the lubricating oil pressure, if it is a hydraulic punching machine, it is necessary to adjust the valves, especially the overflow valve and the general system pressure, to maintain an adequate setting pressure.
For an air pressure punch press, pressure adjustment can be accomplished by adjusting the air pressure gauge to the desired pressure value, ensuring the machine tool is stopped and power is disconnected for safety. If the pressure is unstable, consider adjusting it by changing the diameter of the motor wheel through the speed control device.
