Metal Expansion Formulas: Expert Insights and Coefficients

1. Table of Thermal Expansion Coefficients in Metallic Materials

Material Thermal expansion coefficient Length Temperature Variation
*10-6/℃
mild steel 11.7 100 100 0.000001 0.117
NAK80 12.5 100 200 0.000001 0.25
SKD61 10.8 100 300 0.000001 0.324
SKH51 10.1 100 400 0.000001 0.404
Alloy Dura V40 6 100 500 0.000001 0.3
SUS440C 10.2 100 100 0.000001 0.102
Oxygen-free steel C1020 17.6 100 500 0.000001 0.88
6/4 Brass C2801 20.8 100 600 0.000001 1,248
Beryllium Copper C1720 17.1 100 700 0.000001 1,197
A1100 Aluminum 23.6 100 475 0.000001 0.30267
Hard Aluminum A7075 23.6 100 500 0.000001 1.18
aluminum alloy 23.8 100 350 0.000001 0.833
Pure Aluminum 23 100 350 0.000001 0.805
Titanium 8.4 100 500 0.000001
Gray cast iron 9 100 350 0.000001 0.315
General Cast Iron 10.5 100 50 0.000001 0.0525
Cast iron 10.5 100 50 0.000001 0.0525
General Carbon Steel 11.5 100 200 0.000001 0.23
Martensitic Stainless Steel 1.01 100 200 0.000001 0.0202
Austenitic Stainless Steel 1.6 100 200 0.000001 0.032
Stainless steel 14.4-16 100 200 0.000001 #VALUE!
Chrome Steel 11.5 1000 20 0.000001 0.23
Nickel Steel 14 100 200 0.000001 0.28
Copper 18.5 100 200 0.000001 0.37
Bronze 17.5 100 200 0.000001 0.35
Brass 18.4 100 200 0.000001 0.368
Phosphor Bronze 15.2 100 200 0.000001 0.304
Chrome 6.2 100 200 0.000001 0.124
Lead 29.3 100 200 0.000001 0.586
Tin 26.7 100 200 0.000001 0.534
Zinc 36 100 200 0.000001 0.72
Magnesium 26 100 200 0.000001 0.52
Tungsten 4.5 100 200 0.000001 0.09
Titanium 10.8 100 200 0.000001 0.216
Nickel 13 100 200 0.000001 0.26
Cadmium 41 100 200 0.000001
Manganese 23 100 200 0.000001 0.46
Beryllium 12.3 100 200 0.000001 0.246
Germanium 6 100 200 0.000001 0.12
Iridium 6.5 100 200 0.000001 0.13
Molybdenum 5.2 100 200 0.000001 0.104
Platinum 9 100 200 0.000001 0.18
Silver 19.5 100 200 0.000001 0.39
Gold 14.2 100 200 0.000001 0.284
Window glass 7.6 100 200 0.000001 0.152
Industrial Glass 4.5 100 200 0.000001 0.09
Ordinary glass 7.1 100 200 0.000001 0.112
Pyrex glass 3.25 100 200 0.000001 0.065
Ceramic Glass <0.1 100 200 0.000001 #VALUE!
Porcelain 3 100 200 0.000001 0.06
Brick 5 100 200 0.000001 0.1
Rebar 1.2 100 200 0.000001 0.024
Concrete 1.0-1.5 100 200 0.000001 #VALUE!
Cement 6.0-14 100 200 0.000001 #VALUE!
Granite 3 100 200 0.000001 0.06
Graphite two 100 200 0.000001 0.04
Nylon 120 100 200 0.000001 2.4
Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) 85 100 200 0.000001 1.7
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) 80 100 200 0.000001 1.6
Carbon Fiber (HM 35 in Longitudinal) -0.5 100 200 0.000001 -0.01
Wood 8 100 200 0.000001 0.16
Table salt 40 100 200 0.000001 0.8
Ice, 0℃ 51 100 200 0.000001 1.02

2. Calculation Method for Dimensional Change Caused by Thermal Expansion

Example using material: SKD61

Given away:

  • Diameter (d) = 2 mm
  • Length (L) = 100 mm
  • Temperature increase = 100°C

The dimensional change δ can be calculated as follows:

δ = Coefficient of thermal expansion * Length * Temperature change

Using the provided values:

δ = 10.8 × 10 -6 /°C * 100 mm * 100°C= 0.108 mm

Therefore, the dimensional change (δ) caused by the thermal expansion of the SKD61 rod, with a diameter of 2 mm and a length of 100 mm, when the temperature increases by 100°C, is 0.108 mm.

3. Linear Thermal Expansion Coefficient

Metallic names Element Symbols Linear Thermal Expansion Coefficient
Beryllium To be 12.3
Antimony Sb 10.5
Copper Ass 17.5
Chrome Cr 6.2
Germanium Ge 6.0
Iridium Go 6.5
Manganese Mn 23.0
Nickel No 13.0
Silver Ag 19.5
Aluminum Al 23.2
Lead Pb 29.3
Cadmium CD 41.0
Iron Faith 12.2
Gold Au 14.2
Magnesium mg 26.0
Molybdenum Mo 5.2
Platinum Point 9.0
Tin Sn 2.0

Recommended for you:

  • The Ultimate Guide to Stainless Steel Materials
  • Special Foundry: Everything you need to know
  • Types of cast iron: classification, class and application
  • Cast Iron Welding: Explained
  • The definitive guide to metal materials performance
  • Welding Stainless Steel and Heat-Resistant Steel: Explained

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