Vehicles and public transport have become the main modes of transport for many daily commuters. However, bicycles remain an option for some due to cost or lifestyle – and this choice is increasing. One reason is that there are more two-wheeled options than ever before. And specifically, motorized bicycles or e-bikes have gained a lot of popularity.
Electric bikes run on rechargeable batteries and can reach speeds of 25 to 45 km per hour. In congested traffic conditions, e-bikes offer a notable advantage, allowing cyclists to navigate traffic and traffic jams thanks to their compact size and maneuverability. Travel range on a single charge varies depending on the model, with some e-bikes capable of covering distances of up to 160 km. Additionally, e-bikes are more sustainable, making them a “greener” transportation option.
In this article, we will explore the types of e-bikes available and their features. In terms of electric mobility, electric bikes stand out as a compact and affordable option for many.
Figure 1. An electric bicycle.
What is an electric bicycle?
An e-bike, short for electric bicycle, has become a popular innovation in the bicycle industry, with a significant number of individuals purchasing or assembling electric bicycles themselves.
These bikes are equipped with an integrated electric motor that provides power assistance to the rider as needed to accelerate. They typically come with a rechargeable battery and offer two modes of operation: pedal-assist and electric-only.
In pedal-assist mode, the electric motor complements the cyclist's pedaling efforts. The level of assistance can be adjusted, allowing the rider to customize how much support they want from the engine. As the cyclist pedals, the motor automatically engages, resulting in a more energy-efficient and natural-feeling ride.
On the other hand, electric-only or throttle mode allows the engine to propel the bike without pedaling. It operates as the rider lifts the throttle, providing a seamless and effortless riding experience.
The versatility and convenience offered by e-bikes make them an attractive choice for individuals looking for a new form of transportation or an improved cycling experience.
Most e-bikes have 250 to 300 watt motors, but more advanced models offer 750 watt motors, which can easily reach speeds of 45 to 55 km/h. On Speed Pedelec e-bikes, the assistance stops at a higher rate, making them ideal for longer journeys or conquering steep hills. However, regulations often restrict the power of pedal-operated engines.
Purely electric bicycles are limited to a speed of 25 km/h and their maximum power is restricted to 200 watts.
Electric bikes are available in a variety of styles, from commuter bikes to full-suspension mountain bikes. In 2023, more than 1.1 million e-bikes were imported in America, with five to six million e-bikes sold in Europe last year.
Why electric bike?
People are adopting e-bikes to help alleviate traffic burdens, become more active and contribute to cleaner air because they are more accessible and economical than vehicles. Several factors are driving the growing adoption of e-bikes.
Electric bicycles offer several advantages, including:
Sustainability: Electric bicycles do not emit dangerous pollutants as they are powered by electricity and not gasoline. They are also quiet and do not contribute to noise pollution.
Range and speed: Current e-bikes can travel up to 25 km/h in motor assist mode. On Speed Pedelec e-bikes, the maximum speed is 55 km/h (but you need to be registered to do so). The maximum speed is normally authorized by government law. Overall, e-bikes can make commuting and recreational riding faster and more efficient.
Assisted pedaling: cyclists can travel longer distances without feeling fatigued. They are also ideal for those with physical restrictions or who may find riding a conventional bicycle tiring.
Climbing: The ease of riding an electric bike when climbing hills or mountains is a significant benefit. Strong winds are also easier to deal with with an electric bike.
Commuting efficiency: E-bikes can navigate traffic more efficiently than traditional bicycles, making them a practical option for urban commuting. Many congestions faced by motor vehicles can be avoided with the use of electric bicycles, as they can take advantage of cycle paths and paths.
Battery dependence: E-bikes use lithium-ion batteries with charging current starting from 10A. As the motor capacity increases, so does the charging current. Electric bikes are charged with a portable charger that generally does not require specific charging infrastructure. Depending on the battery and charger, it may take three to eight to fully recharge. On a pedal-assist bike, you can continue pedaling even if the battery is discharged. However, throttle e-bikes rely entirely on the battery.
Health Benefits: Although e-bikes provide assistance, cyclists still engage in physical activity. An electric bike can be a great way to exercise regularly, especially for people who commute.
Weight and size: The weight of an e-bike is greater than that of a conventional bicycle, but lighter than any scooter or fuel-powered vehicle. Most e-bikes are in the 20 to 30 kg range. Some ultralight e-bikes, especially road bikes with carbon fiber frames, can weigh as little as 10 pounds. Cargo bikes, folding bikes with heavy frames, and mountain bikes with full suspension systems can weigh 40 kg or more. The weight of an electric bike depends on the size of the motor, battery capacity, frame material and other accessories. These components help speed up the ride, so the bike shouldn't feel heavier than a regular bike.
Versatility: E-bikes can handle a variety of terrains, including hills and challenging landscapes, with ease. They are also suitable for cyclists, from beginners to experienced cyclists.
Cost Savings: E-bikes are more expensive than traditional bicycles, but they are almost insignificant compared to any fuel-powered vehicle.
Maintenance: e-bikes are almost maintenance-free. They require regular cleaning and checks of the chain, engine and drivetrain may need lubrication. Repairs are quite simple.
Licensing: Not required for a typical electric bike. However, cyclists must comply with vehicle legislation in the same way as a standard bicycle. Speed Pedelec e-bikes, however, must be registered.
Parking: E-bikes can be parked at designated bike racks, allowing cyclists to avoid certain parking challenges or fees faced by motorized vehicles.
Variety: E-bikes are available as city bikes, mountain bikes, folding bikes, road bikes, cargo and family bikes, and many other styles. Electric assistance enhances the experience for many cyclists, making cycling more accessible and fun.
Types of electric bicycles
Electric bikes are available in various designs, catering to different preferences, riding styles and purposes. The most common types of e-bikes are the following:
Urban/Commuting Electric Bikes: Designed for urban commuting and short-distance trips. They are equipped with fenders, lights and racks, supporting an upright riding position.
Electric mountain bikes (E-MTBs): Built for off-road and trail riding, these bikes have a reliable frame, heavy-duty suspension system, knobby tires, and engine systems optimized for variable terrain.
Foldable E-bikes: Designed for easy storage and portability, suitable for commuting and traveling. They have a compact and lightweight design with foldable frames.
Speed pedelecs: equipped with heavy motor and large capacity battery. They are designed for higher speeds and longer distances. Speed pedelecs can reach higher speeds than traditional e-bikes, typically with more powerful motors.
Electric road bikes: can travel long distances and are suitable for faster road cycling. They are light, efficient and usually feature folding handlebars.
Cruiser E-bikes: Built for a relaxed and comfortable ride, they are often used for leisurely cruises. They have an upright seating position, wide handlebars and a relaxed style.
Fat-tire e-bikes: Built for challenging terrain, like sand, snow, or mud. They have wide tires for better traction, a stable frame and greater shock absorption.
Hybrid electric bikes: Versatile and suitable for commuting or recreational riding. They combine the characteristics of road and mountain bikes, providing a comfortable and adaptable ride.
Cargo e-bikes: made to carry heavy loads and are ideal for transporting goods or children. They have an extended frame and feature a sturdy cargo platform or container. Some cargo e-bikes come with multiple seats.
Electric tricycles: for people who may have difficulty balancing on two wheels. They have three wheels for stability, comfortable seating, and load-carrying capabilities.
Conclusion
E-bikes are the electric avatars of bicycles. They are compact but efficient, with the ability to accelerate faster than normal bicycles, thanks to their electric motor. They come in two modes: pedal-assist and throttle-assist. There are pedal-assisted electric bicycles, with powerful motors and large batteries, capable of reaching 50 km/h. These are speed pedelecs.
While e-bikes do not require any license or documents, speed pedelecs must be registered. E-bikes come in a variety of styles and offer several advantages over fuel-powered vehicles. These are the best alternative modes of transportation to adopt for cleaner, more efficient, healthier and more enjoyable trips.
