In this article, we will look at how self-excited generators work and examine their main components, such as field windings, armatures, and voltage regulators. We will discover the science behind the phenomenon of self-excitation and explore concepts such as residual magnetism and the importance of controlling field current. As we decipher the ins and outs, we will understand how these generators are able to maintain their magnetic field, resulting in the continuous production of electricity.
Types of production
A DC generator whose magnetic field windings are powered by the generator output itself is called a self-excited generator. The self-excited generator can be divided into three types according to the design in which the field windings are coupled to the armature winding. They are
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Series generator
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Shunt Generator
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Connection Generator
Series Generator:
The figure above shows the connection of a generator in series. In a series wound generator, the field winding is connected in series with the armature winding so that all the armature current also flows through the field winding due to the load. Because the field winding carries all the load current, a few turns of thick wire have low resistance. In addition to special functions, e.g. B. voltage amplifiers, series generators are rarely used.
Terminal voltage V = E G -I(R A +R se )
Armature current I A = I if = I M = I
Power developed at anchor = E G EU A
Power delivered to the load = E G EU A -EU A 2 (R A +R se )
= I A (E G -I A R A -I A R if )
=VI A or VI M
Shunt Generator:
The figure shows that the field winding is connected in parallel to the armature winding so that the generator supply voltage is applied to it. Generally, the shunt coil in a shunt generator has many turns and a thin, high-resistance wire. As a result, only part of the armature current flows through the shunt winding and the rest through the load.
Terminal voltage V=E G -I A R A
Armature current I A =I M +I Sh
Shunt field current I Sh = F/R Sh
Power developed at anchor = E G EU A
Power delivered to the load = VI M
Connection Generator:
In a compound generator, there are two sets of field windings on each pole – one in series and one in parallel to the armature. This generator can be divided into two categories:
(A) Short shunt Only the shunt winding is connected in parallel to the armature winding as shown in the figure.
(b) Another is this long offset, In this case, the shunt winding is connected in parallel with each row of field windings and armature windings as shown in the figure.
Short Shunt Composite Generator
Terminal voltage V = E G – (I A R A ) – (I if R if )
Series field current I if = I M
Shunt field current I Sh = (V + I if R if ) /R Sh
Power developed at anchor = E G EU A
Power delivered to the load = VI M
Long shunt compound generator
Terminal voltage, V = E G – I A (R A +R se )
Series field current, I if = I A = I M + I Sh
Shunt field current, I Sh = F/R Sh
Power developed at anchor = E G EU A
Power delivered to the load = VIz
Conclusion
In short, self-excited generators embody the spirit of self-sufficiency in power generation. They can ignite the spark of electricity within you and provide an excellent solution to various energy needs. Whether in remote areas, emergency situations or sustainable living, these generators drive progress and empower individuals and communities.
