Sheet Metal Definition
To date, there is no universally accepted definition of sheet metal.
However, a definition found in a foreign professional magazine states that sheet metal is a comprehensive cold processing technique for sheet metal, typically less than 6 mm thick. This process includes shearing, punching, cutting, compounding, bending, welding, riveting, splicing, and forming (such as for automobile bodies).
One of the defining characteristics of sheet metal is its consistent thickness across a given part.
Processing equipment
Typically, the fundamental machinery in a sheet metal factory includes a cutting machine, CNC or laser punching machine, plasma, waterjet cutting machine and combination machine, as well as a bending machine and various supporting equipment such as uncoiler, leveler , deburring machine and spot welder.
Generally speaking, the three most crucial processes in a sheet metal manufacturing plant are shearing, punching or stamping, and bending.
Selection and cutting of sheet metal materials
Sheet Metal Materials
Common Types of Sheet Metal Materials:
- Steel sheet;
- Aluminum plate;
- Copper plate;
- Stainless steel plate.
Steel sheet type and specification:
Classification by thickness: thin plate, medium plate, thick plate and extra thick plate.
Classification based on production method: hot-rolled steel sheet and cold-rolled steel sheet.
Classification based on surface characteristics: hot-dip galvanized sheet, electro-galvanized sheet, tinplate and color-coated steel sheet.
HOT BEARING STEEL
The code for hot rolled plate (HOT ROLLED STEEL) is expressed as: SPHC (S Steel, P – Plate, H – Heat, C – Commercial), which generally refers to hot rolled steel sheets and strips.
SPHD stands for hot-rolled steel sheets and strips for stamping.
SPHB refers to hot-rolled steel plates and strips for deep drawing.
Mechanical properties:
- HRB hardness
- 1/2H=74~89
- 1/4H=65~80
- 1/8H=50~71
- H=above 89.
- The tensile strength is above 41~52kgf/mm.
Specification range: thickness 1.4~6.0mm, maximum width 1524mm, generally 1250mm or 1220mm, material length can be cut to any size as required.
Generally 2500mm or 2440mm.
Material characteristics: The surface of the material has a gray-black luster and is not easily scratched, but is prone to rust. Therefore, rust must be removed during processing.
This material is not suitable for electroplating (such as colored zinc, white zinc, nickel, tin, etc.).
However, it is suitable for paint baking and powder spraying for use on various structural parts.
COLD ROLLING STEEL
The code for COLD ROLLING STEEL is SPCC.
The third letter “C” stands for “Cold”.
SPCD stands for cold-rolled carbon steel sheets and strips for deep drawing, and SPCE stands for cold-rolled carbon steel sheets and strips for deep drawing.
The quenching and tempering code for cold-rolled carbon steel sheets and strips: “A” represents the annealed state, while “S” represents standard quenching and tempering.
Mechanical properties:
- Minimum tensile strength is 270MPa
- The maximum yield limit is 210MPa.
- HRB hardness:
- 1H=above 85;
- 1/2=74~89;
- 1/4H-65~80;
- 1/8H=50~70.
Specification range: 0.25-3.0mm thickness, materials above 3.0mm should be customized, width 1220mm and 1250mm, and the length can be cut to any size as required.
Generally 2440mm and 2500mm.
Material characteristics: the surface has iron gray luster and is easy to scratch and rust.
During processing, it is important to pay attention to protection and make quick changes to the sequence.
This material is suitable for electroplating (such as multi-color zinc plating, self-zinc plating, nickel plating, tin plating, etc.), as well as paint baking and powder spraying.
Electrolytic plate: SECC code, ectoplate E-E1, its base material is SPCC, its chemical composition and mechanical properties are the same as cold-rolled plate.
Electrolytic plates also have stretchable materials such as SECD and SECE.
The thickness specification for electrolytic plates is between 0.3 and 2.0 mm.
The application characteristics of the material vary according to different treatment methods for SECC. For more information, see the following table.
| Category | Type of surface treatment | Code | Feature |
| General surface treatment | chromate treatment | W | Good corrosion resistance, suitable for bare state |
| Passivation with chromic acid + lubrication | s | Very good corrosion resistance | |
| Phosphating treatment (including sealing treatment) | P | It has certain corrosion resistance and good painting performance | |
| Phosphating treatment (including sealing treatment)+lubrication | P | It has certain corrosion resistance, good painting performance, and can prevent rust during transportation and storage | |
| Phosphating treatment (excluding sealing treatment) | T | It has certain corrosion resistance and good painting performance | |
| Phosphating treatment (excluding sealing treatment)+lubrication | V | It has certain corrosion resistance, good painting performance and rust prevention. | |
| special treatment | Fingerprint resistant processing | N2N4 | Applicable to the production of electrical devices, electronic devices, computer chassis, movements and other parts of zinc plating products. |
H non rolling steel
The code for hot rolled steel is SPGC, with SPCC base material.
Thickness specification ranges from 0.3 to 3.0 mm. The types of zinc flakes on the surface include: normal zinc flakes (Z), smooth zinc flakes (G), small zinc flakes (X), small smooth zinc flakes (GX), zero zinc flakes (N ) and zinc-iron alloy (R).
Tin plate: commonly known as tinplate, it is mainly used as anti-corrosion and ultra-deep drawing packaging materials, with thickness ranging from 0.20.6mm.
Aluminum plate: Aluminum materials used as plates mainly include the following 2 types: pure industrial aluminum and rust-proof aluminum.
These two materials have good plasticity, good weldability and high corrosion resistance, but low cutting capacity.
The aluminum plate has the following states: 0 – complete annealing state, H – work hardening state, followed by two Arabic numerals to indicate the mode of additional heat treatment.
The first digit in the HXX status code indicates the basic process used to achieve the status.
The second digit represents the degree of hardening of the product.
H1 represents simple hardening and is applicable when the desired strength is achieved exclusively through hardening without additional heat treatment.
H2 represents hardening and incomplete annealing and is used for products that have exceeded specified hardening requirements and have had their strength reduced to the specified level after incomplete annealing.
H2 has the same minimum ultimate tensile strength value as the corresponding H1, but with a slightly higher secondary elongation.
H3 stands for hardening and stabilization treatment and is used for products that have stable mechanical properties after low-temperature heat treatment after hardening or due to the heating effect in processing.
H4 stands for hardening and painting alloys, and is used for products that have undergone incomplete annealing due to painting after hardening.
Industrial pure aluminum has an aluminum content greater than 99.00% and is generally found in the following grades: 1050, 1060, 1070, 1100 and 1200. The plate specifications are 1250X2500 or 1000X2000, and the thickness varies from 0.3 at 7.0mm.
Anti-rust aluminum mainly includes 3003, 3A215052, 5A02, 5A03, 5A05 and 5A06. Aluminum alloys that begin with “3” are composed primarily of manganese, while those that begin with “5” are composed primarily of magnesium. The specifications of the plate are similar to those of duralumin.
Stainless steel plate: stainless steel plate mainly includes SUS300 and 400 series.
Among them, 300 series are austenitic stainless steel and 400 series are ferritic stainless steel, which are magnetic and easy to corrode. Its specification is 2mX1m.
Copper plate: Common copper plates include pure copper plate and brass plate.
The pure copper plate has excellent conductivity, thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance and processing performance, with a copper content of more than 99.95%.
Brass plate has slightly higher strength than pure copper plate and good plasticity. Its specification is 1500mm x 600mm.
Suppression
Equipment for molding sheet metal: types, operating principles and scopes of work.
Currently, the main equipment used for sheet metal cutting includes CNC punches, common punches and laser cutting machines.
Working principle of CNC punches: The position of the upper and lower dies is fixed, the plate is fixed on the workbench with clamping jaws, and the plate is moved across the workbench to obtain the desired shape of the part.
Working range: 2500mm x 1250mm x 5.0mm.
Processing characteristics: High precision and flexible processing.
Disadvantage: Limited by mold.
Major CNC punch manufacturers include TRUMPF, FINN-POWER, TAILIFT, AMADA, etc.
Suppression processing
Common Punch Molding (Hard Mold): Common punch molding (hard mold) must be combined with a cutting machine.
The cutting machine cuts the maximum shape of the part before the punch processes the desired shape.
Cutting characteristics: high efficiency, suitable for mass production.
The disadvantage is that mold development requires a certain amount of time and cost.
Equipment for cutting and punching includes CNC cutting machine series, common cutting machine series, common punching machine series, high-speed punching machine series, etc.
During the blanking process, the board cutting can be roughly divided into four layers: R angle (5%), smooth surface (60%), cracked surface (30%), and burr surface (5%).
As shown below:
LASER cutting machine suppression:
LASER cutting machine working principle: use photon energy in concave convex mirror focus laser generator to melt metal materials, and then use high pressure shielding gas N2 or O2 to blow the part melted for processing.
Processing characteristics: flexible and high-precision processing, not limited by the mold.
Disadvantages: low efficiency, high processing cost.
Laser equipment manufacturers mainly include: TRUMP, HANKWANG, AMADA, BYSTRONIC, etc.
Bending, stamping, bench working process
The rapid development of the machinery manufacturing industry requires technicians to have increasingly higher technical knowledge.
To meet customer needs, technicians must not only be proficient in practical operations, but also have a strong understanding of basic theories and relevant knowledge, the ability to analyze and solve problems, and a talent for innovation.
To meet customer needs, they continually improve their processing methods, principles and applications in bending, stamping, bench work, and expand the use of efficient processing methods and equipment.
By integrating modern equipment with practical experience, the aim is to improve operational levels and production efficiency, taking into account the real challenges faced by frontline producers and solving problems in the original design. Effective solutions are proposed and processed to meet product requirements.
Each question will be listed and discussed, with corresponding help offered based on practicality and effectiveness.
Press Brake Bending
Working principle of flexural forming: Flexural forming involves fixing the upper and lower dies on the upper and lower working tables of the press brake. The servo motor transmits the relative movement of the work table through hydraulic means, and the shape of the upper and lower dies is combined to achieve the bending formation of the sheet metal.
Each curve can reach an accuracy of 0.1mm.
Common bend forming: Bending machines can typically be used for 90-degree and non-90-degree bending, hemming (with gaps smaller than the board thickness), and offset bending, among others.
Type of press brake:
When bending two adjacent edges that have a bonding relationship, it is recommended to drill process holes (with a diameter not smaller than the thickness of the plate) at the corners of the bent edge and leave a reasonable gap (0.15 times the thickness of the plate) . based on board thickness.
As for the minimum distance from the hole to the edge of the bent part, we usually take 1/2 of the die slot width + 0.5 (as shown in the figure below).
When designing sheet metal parts, it is best to avoid situations where the distance between the bent edge or hole and the edge does not meet the size requirements.
The width of the bottom die slot is determined based on the plate thickness (T), as indicated in the following table. Unit: mm.
| T plate thickness | 0.5-3 | 3.0-8 | 9-10 | >12 |
| Die opening width | 6T | 8T | 10T | 12T |
Consider processing feasibility and appropriate tool selection when determining bend size, as shown in Figures A and B. Consider offset and top die selection based on actual processing needs.
When pressure rivets (PEM fasteners) are present in bent parts, consider that drilling convex protuberances and cracks should not be too close to the bent edge as this may interfere with the bending tool.
When hemming the edge, it is advisable to slightly increase the gap tolerance between the two edges of the galvanized part to facilitate cleaning the inside of the dead edge during electroplating and prevent the acid solution from temporarily flowing out and corroding the galvanized coating after a period of time. of time.
Stamping
Stamping forming is a processing method that uses the energy generated by a motorized flywheel to drive the upper die, in combination with the shape of the upper die and lower die, to separate or deform the sheet metal and produce the desired parts. This process is mainly carried out at room temperature and is known as cold stamping. The accuracy of the stamping process depends on the accuracy of the die, with hardware dies generally having an accuracy greater than 0.1 mm.
Punches can be divided into two categories: ordinary punches and high-speed punches. There are many basic stamping processes, including punching, corner bending and drawing. However, from the perspective of the working principle, stamping can be divided into two categories: separation processes and deformation processes.
The separation process involves the tension of the blank material exceeding its strength limit after being subjected to an external force, resulting in shear fracture such as punching, stamping, cutting and notching. This is known as “blanking” in the stamping process.
The deformation process involves plastic deformation that occurs when the tension of the raw material exceeds its yield limit but is below its strength limit after being subjected to external forces such as bending, stretching, flanging and forming.
Stamping processing typically requires the use of a cutting machine. The cutting machine can cut the largest possible shape of the part, while the punch processes the required shape of the part. The slitting process is simple, efficient and suitable for mass production of products.
Stamping products are widely used in the modern sheet metal industry because of their high precision, consistency, lack of human factors in processing, ease of quality assurance, high material utilization rate and simple operation. Some complex shapes can only be produced with a punch. The disadvantage is that developing the stamping die requires a certain amount of time and cost.
Bench worker processing
The application of bench work in the sheet metal field mainly includes threading, drilling, countersinking, spot facing, reaming, riveting (PEM), pulling, trimming, shaping, deburring, undercutting (profiles, tubes) and other processes.
Drilling, reaming, reaming and boring are three methods for bench workers to rough, semi-finish and finish holes.
During application, the method must be selected according to the accuracy requirements and hole processing conditions.
Bench workers perform drilling, expanding, and reaming on a drill press, while reaming can be done by hand or on a drill press.
To master the operation technology of drilling, expanding, reaming and reaming, it is necessary to be familiar with the cutting performance of drilling, expanding, spot facing, reaming and other tools, as well as the structural performance of drilling machines and some accessories.
The cutting quantity must be reasonably selected and the specific manual operation methods must be skillfully learned to ensure the quality of drilling, expanding, countersinking and countersinking.
Since efficiency mainly depends on manual operation and efficiency and quality are not suitable for modern industrial production, bench work in this area should be reduced as much as possible during structural design.
Internal or external threads must be machined into the inner hole or outer cylindrical surface with a tap and a round wrench, which is the threading and threading technology normally used by bench workers.
Threads processed by bench workers are often small in diameter or unsuitable for machining on machine tools.
To make the processed thread meet the technical requirements, in addition to the bench workers' proficiency in the key points and methods of thread processing, designers must also try their best to ensure that the designed products meet the processing requirements, such as selecting the threading material thickness and the size of the bottom screw holes, etc.
The bottom threaded hole and pitch of some metric threads are shown in the table below.
Common Coarse Thread Steps
| Thread outer diameter | M2.5 | M3 | M4 | M5 | M6 | M8 | M10 | M12 |
| Screw pitch (mm) | 0.45 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 1 | 1.25 | 1.5 | 1.75 |
Sawing is a method used to cut materials or create grooves in parts that meet specific technical specifications. The main tool used for this purpose is a profile cutting machine.
Pressure Riveting (PEM): PEM fasteners can be categorized into carbon steel, stainless steel and aluminum. It is important to note that neither stainless steel nor aluminum can be galvanized. During the design process, these two types of fasteners must be riveted after they have been formed and galvanized.
Commonly used riveting equipment includes oil presses and punches.
Welding, grinding and polishing process
P olindo
The purpose of polishing is to create a smooth, mirror-like surface on polished materials through the use of tools such as grinding wheels, abrasive belts, fabric wheels, and polishing wax, all rotated at high speeds.
Grinding and polishing process
Hello
- Grinding machine;
- Abrasive belt machine;
- Cloth wheel, polishing wax (ground)
M method
The amount of material removed during polishing is very small, so it is essential to avoid sand particles adhering to the polishing disc, as this could damage the surface of the piece.
Some companies now use an electroplating after polishing of iron materials (SPCC) process. This process involves first rough polishing the surface of the workpiece with an abrasive belt (#240) and then fine polishing it with oil pressure four times.
The polishing shaft must be sieved with carborundum, which is applied to the fabric wheel by means of adhesive and roller gluing. The choice of carborundum should be based on its hardness and shape, with polygons being the preferred option.
T Husa
Inspection after polishing is typically performed with a magnifying glass.
It is important to avoid sand holes and polishing marks (depending on customer specifications).
Products that pass polishing inspection must be separated from the workpiece using materials such as EPE, cardboard or other materials to prevent collision damage.
Grinding
The goal
Grind the weld bead and protrusion with abrasive materials, such as a sander and abrasive belt, to obtain a smooth appearance.
Hello
- Grinding machine;
- Grinding wheel
(Shutter wheel, bending wheel and cutting wheel)
Grinding wheel selection
The choice of grinding material varies depending on the type of material to be processed, such as iron, copper or aluminum.
For aluminum and copper chips, which are soft and tend to clog the grinding wheel clearance, a coarse grinding wheel (with a high number such as #60, #80, #100, etc.) is used.
The cutting power of a grinding wheel can vary between different brands, and selection is often made by trial and error.
From a microscopic point of view, the cutting materials (such as diamonds and other hard materials) attached to the grinding wheel blade are angular rather than round sand particles and have strong cutting power. The durability of the grinding wheel depends on the quality of the adhesive and the hardness and toughness of the diamonds.
Experiments have shown that a cheaper grinding wheel is not always the most economical option. In the selection process, it is important to obtain products from different brands, carry out experiments with the same part and compare the unit price of the grinding wheel with the longest grinding time. The value must be lower than other products.
Grinding method
Grinding is normally divided into two stages: coarse grinding and fine grinding. It is advisable to have different people responsible for each step.
Continuous production is more economical.
Due to the large amount of material removed, grinding is usually done using a curved grinding wheel and a 5-inch angle grinder, with grinding wheel numbers from #60 to #120.
Fine grinding is done to obtain a smooth, finished surface, and grinding wheels numbered #150 to #320 are typically used.
As the amount of material removed during fine grinding is small, the use of a fine grinding wheel or Venetian grinding wheel for this step is prohibited.
Precautions for grinding
- Dust (can cause damage to both machines and human health);
- Ensure safety during sanding (use fireproof cloth for the engine);
- Avoid grinding powder in confined spaces;
- Appearance requirements must be clearly defined.
Electroplating process
Role of electroplating
1. Protection;
2. Decoration protection;
3. Special functions (wear resistance, heat resistance, magnetism, etc.)
Pre-electroplating process :
- Pre-treatment:
- Degreaser
- Activation
Electroplating :
- Post-coating treatment
- Passivation
Degreaser
After processing, a layer of oil stain may appear on the surface of the workpiece. This oil can be classified into two categories based on its chemical properties: saponified and non-saponified oils.
Saponified oils, such as animal oil and vegetable oil, can be saponified with an alkali.
On the other hand, mineral oils such as paraffin and lubricating oil cannot be saponified with an alkali and are collectively referred to as unsaponified oils.
According to the nature of grease, common oil removal methods are:
(1) Manual cleaning and degreasing
If there are a lot of oil stains on the workpiece, the grease can be removed by wiping it with a cloth.
(2) Organic Degreaser
Using the similar dissolution principle, the oil can be dissolved with an organic solvent to achieve oil removal.
(3) Chemical Degreasing
Saponified oil can be removed by reacting with an alkali, while unsaponified oil can be removed by reacting with an emulsifier.
(4) Emulsification Process
The lipophilic group of the emulsifier binds to the oil and the hydrophilic group of the emulsifier dissolves in water. When stirring, the emulsifier gradually removes oil from the surface of the workpiece.
(5) Electrochemical Degreasing
When the power is turned on, H 2 or Ó 2 is separated from the surface of the workpiece, causing the oil film to fall off and turn into small oil droplets. In addition, the electrolyte itself also has saponification and emulsification properties, resulting in an excellent oil removal effect.
Rust removal
1. Manual derusting
Remove rust from the surface of the workpiece by grinding.
2. Chemical deoxidation
HCl or H 2 THEN 4 is used to react with rust to achieve rust removal.
Activation
Remove a very thin oxide film from the surface of the workpiece.
And electroplating:
Take galvanizing as an example, immerse the part in the electrolyte containing the coated metal ions (Zn 2+ ) as the cathode, add the anode (using iron or stainless steel plate as the anode), connect the DC current and deposit a layer of zinc on the surface of the part.
In this process, not only zinc metal is deposited on the surface of the cathode, but also H 2 is generated, while O 2 is generated on the surface of the anode.
Post-coating treatment
Zinc is prone to oxidation and corrosion in the atmosphere.
After galvanizing, a chromate treatment is carried out to produce a chemical conversion film, also known as a passivation film, on the surface.
The appearance of the passivation film can vary from light blue, rainbow colors, golden yellow, army green and black.
As R6+ is highly toxic, it is becoming increasingly necessary to transition from hexavalent chromium passivation to trivalent chromium passivation in order to meet environmental requirements. The performance of trivalent chromium passivation film is equivalent to that of hexavalent chromium passivation film.
Company galvanizing process flow
Hot degreasing → initial electrolysis stage → water washing → water washing → hydrochloric acid → water washing → water washing → final stage
Electrolysis → water washing → water washing → neutralization → water washing → prepreg → electroplating → water washing → water washing → ultrasonic wave → light emission → water washing → water washing → blue and white passivation → water washing → water washing → hot water washing → drying → multicolor passivation → water washing → hot water washing → drying
Coating process
What is painting?
The process of applying a coating to an object is called coating.
The core of coating technology involves the formation of a coating through application and curing, creating a strong bond between the coating and the object. The coating must also have the necessary properties to meet the desired expectations.
To paint:
Materials that can be coated on the surface of objects and can form certain properties can be called coatings.
Type of coating
Powder, liquid, two-component, single-component, self-drying, baking, reaction, etc.
Paint Components
Resin: A transparent liquid that serves as the main film-forming component of paint and is used to bind pigments, giving the paint qualities such as shine, hardness and adhesion.
Solvent: Versatile liquid that dissolves the resin, facilitating mixing with pigments and ensuring that the paint has the appropriate consistency for application.
Pigment: Colored powder in paint that is insoluble in water or solvent.
Filler: Type of pigment used in paints that can reduce the cost of the coating and improve its mechanical properties.
Auxiliaries: These are compounds with different characteristics that are added to the paint to give it special properties.
Coating effect
1. Protection
2. Decorative function
3. Signal function
4. Special functions
Making a good coating depends both on the quality of the coating itself and on mature coating technology. The two depend on each other.
Painting process
The painting process includes:
1. Coating method;
2. Coating tools and equipment;
3. Environmental conditions for painting;
4. Coating curing conditions, etc.
Choosing the appropriate painting process is a necessary condition for obtaining a good coating.
Coating method
Liquid paint can be applied by air pressure spraying, high pressure airless spraying and electrostatic spraying.
Powder coating must be applied using electrostatic coating technology.
Electrodeposition coating must be applied using electrophoretic coating technology.
Air spraying works on the same principle as a sprayer.
When air passes through the nozzle, the change in diameter causes the air flow rate to increase, creating a vacuum in the nozzle that removes the paint.
Traditional pistol
Handler
Fixed weapon
Environmental conditions for painting
The quality of the painting is greatly influenced by the conditions of the painting environment.
Temperature and humidity influence the leveling of the coating.
Dust prevention measures can affect the appearance of the coating.
Wind direction and airflow can also affect the quality of the application.
Coating curing conditions
Film physical training:
The film is formed simply by evaporation of the solvent. Thermoplastic acrylic products;
Chemical film formation:
Let the paint or varnish cure and dry, put it in the oven, react and start a chemical reaction.
Coating process management
Effective management of the painting process is essential to guarantee the quality of the painting.
To carry out paint construction with a scientific approach and manage the painting process effectively, it is necessary to have in-depth knowledge of all technical parameters related to paint construction and to possess a strong knowledge of professional techniques and extensive experience in construction.
Technical management of coating operators
Confirm personnel allocation for coating, coating preparation, commissioning of machines and tools, and coating conditions.
Technical management of painting tools and equipment
The type of spray system to be used should be determined based on the product structure requirements.
The painting process must be determined and carried out.
Quality control management must be implemented.
Metal Pretreatment Process
Before coating the product, any oil stains or oxidation that may have occurred during the product manufacturing process must be removed. A phosphate crystal must be created on the surface of the metal to improve the adhesion and corrosion resistance of the coating to the metal.
The spraying process is a crucial component of comprehensive management in spray production, which supports production and provides the necessary technical support and decision-making basis for production management.
To produce high-quality products that meet customer needs requires a strong, cohesive team with a continuous spirit of innovation.
Product assembly and packaging
Product assembly
What should be paid attention to before assembly?
Before starting production, the necessary materials must be prepared, such as self-made parts, purchased parts and packaging materials.
Equipment and tools must be in good condition and ready for use, including clamps, inspection tools, jigs, etc.
All operators must be completely familiar with the drawings and understand critical quality points, as well as Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) and Standard Inspection Procedures (SIP).
Mass production can only begin after a 100% complete inspection of the first article is confirmed as acceptable.
Self-inspection and mutual inspection must be carried out to prevent defective products from passing to the next process.
Care must be taken during assembly to handle materials without dragging or pulling and to avoid man-made scratches or bruises.
Defective products must be clearly marked, immediately isolated and placed in the designated defective product area.
More clamps and inspection tools should be used during assembly to ensure quality and increase efficiency.
Assembly must be organized and efficient, without faults or incorrect installations.
The inspection must be carried out strictly in accordance with the SIP, including the main dimensions and appearance of the Class A surface.
Inspection records must be maintained to provide data for future production.
After passing the initial inspection, the product must be sent for Final Quality Control (FQC) inspection, and packaging can begin after passing the inspection.
Product packaging
Precautions during packaging:
To ensure quantity accuracy, it is important to check that there is no extra, missing or incorrect packaging.
Packaging specifications issued by the Engineering Department must be strictly followed.
The markings on the outer box must be clear and precise, including order number, material number, version, quantity, production date, production factory, etc.
Packaged products must be visually attractive and resistant, to avoid scratches, bruises or deformations during transport.
