I. Hot rolled stainless steel sheets
Hot rolled stainless steel sheets are produced using the hot rolling process. Sheets with a thickness of less than 3 mm are considered thin, while those with a thickness of more than 3 mm are considered thick.
These sheets are used in the manufacture of corrosion-resistant parts, containers and equipment for industries such as chemical, petroleum, mechanical and marine. Its types and degrees are as follows:
1. Austenitic Steel
(1)1Cr17Mn6Ni15N;
(2)1Cr18Mn8Ni5N;
(3)1Cr18Ni9;
(4)1Cr18Ni9Si3;
(5)0Cr18Ni9;
(6)00Cr19Ni10;
(7)0Cr19Ni9N;
(8)0Cr19Ni10NbN;
(9)00Cr18Ni10N;
(10)1Cr18Ni12;
(11) 0Cr23Ni13;
(12)0Cr25Ni20;
(13)0Cr17Ni12Mo2;
(14)00Cr17Ni14Mo2;
(15) 0Cr17Ni12Mo2N;
(16) 00Cr17Ni13Mo2N;
(17) 1Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti;
(18) 0Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti;
(19) 1Cr18Ni12Mo3Ti;
(20) 0Cr18Ni12Mo3Ti;
(21) 0Cr18Ni12Mo2Cu2;
(22) 00Cr18Ni14Mo2Cu2;
(23) 0Cr19Ni13Mo3;
(24)00Cr19Ni13Mo3;
(25) 0Cr18Ni16Mo5;
(26) 1Cr18Ni9Ti;
(27) 0Cr18Ni10Ti;
(28) 0Cr18Ni11Nb;
(29)0Cr18Ni13Si4
2. Austenitic-Ferritic Steel
(30)0Cr26Ni5Mo2; (31)00Cr18Ni5Mo3Si2;
3. Ferritic Steel
(32) 0Cr13Al; (33) 00Cr12; (34) 1Ch15; (35) 1Ch17; (36) 1Ch17Mo; (37)00Cr17Mo;
(38)00Cr18Mo2; (39)00Cr30Mo2; (40) 00Cr27Mo
4. Martensitic Steel
(41) 1Ch12; (42) 0Cr13; (43) 1Ch13; (44) 2Ch13; (45) 3Cr13; (46) 4Cr13;
(47)3Cr16; (48) 7Cr17
5. Precipitation hardening steel
(49)0Cr17Ni7Al
II. Cold Rolled Stainless Steel Plates
Cold rolled stainless steel plates are produced using a cold rolling process. Plates with a thickness of less than 3mm are considered thin, while those greater than 3mm are classified as thick. These plates are used in the manufacture of corrosion-resistant components, piping and containers for the chemical and petroleum industries, medical equipment, ship equipment and much more. The classifications and grades are as follows:
1. Austenitic Steel
In addition to the 29 types identical to those in the hot rolled section, there are also: (1) 2Cr13Mn9Ni4, (2) 1Cr17Ni7 and (3) 1Cr17Ni8.
2. Austenitic-Ferritic Steel
In addition to the 2 types identical to those in the hot rolled section, additional types include: (1) 1Cr18Ni11Si4AlTi and (2) 1Cr21Ni5Ti.
3. Ferritic Steel
In addition to the 9 types identical to those in the hot rolled section, there is also: 00Cr17.
4. Martensitic Steel
In addition to the 8 types identical to those in the hot rolled section, there is also: 1Cr17Ni2.
5. Precipitation hardening steel:
Identical to the hot rolled section.
III. Stainless steel applications in various fields
1. From 1960 to 1999, about 40 years, stainless steel production in Western countries soared from 2.15 million tons to 17.28 million tons, an increase of approximately eightfold, with an average annual growth rate of around 5.5%. Stainless steel is mainly used in kitchens, household appliances, transportation, construction and civil engineering.
For kitchen equipment, it is mainly used in electric and gas sinks and water heaters, while in household appliances it is predominantly found in the drums of fully automatic washing machines. From an energy conservation and recycling perspective, demand for stainless steel is expected to expand further.
In transportation, it is mainly used in railway vehicles and automobile exhaust systems, with about 20-30kg of stainless steel used in the exhaust system of each vehicle. Annual global demand is approximately one million tons, making this the largest field of application for stainless steel.
In the construction area, recent demand has increased. For example, around 5,000 tons of stainless steel decorative material were used in the protective devices of Singapore's subway stations. In Japan, after 1980, the use of stainless steel in the construction industry quadrupled, mainly for roofing, interior and exterior decoration of buildings, and structural materials.
In the 1980s, unpainted type 304 material was used as roofing material in coastal areas of Japan, but for rust prevention, the trend gradually changed to painted stainless steel. In the early 1990s, highly corrosion-resistant stainless steel with more than 20% Cr ferrite was developed for roofing materials, and for aesthetics, various surface finishing techniques were also developed.
In civil engineering, stainless steel is used in dam intake towers in Japan. In cold regions of Europe and America, to prevent highways and bridges from freezing, salt is spread, accelerating the corrosion of rebar, hence the use of stainless steel rebar.
On North American roads, approximately 40 locations have adopted stainless steel rebar in the past three years, with each location using between 200 and 1,000 tons. The stainless steel market in this area is expected to grow in the future.
2. The key to expanding the application of stainless steel in the future lies in environmental protection, longevity and IT proliferation.
From an environmental perspective, demand for heat and high-temperature corrosion-resistant stainless steel will increase in devices designed to suppress dioxin emissions, such as high-temperature waste incinerators, LNG-fired power plants, and energy-efficient systems. of coal-fired power production.
Furthermore, stainless steel is expected to be used in battery housings in fuel cell vehicles, which are expected to be applied in practice at the beginning of the 21st century. From a water quality perspective, demand for corrosion-resistant stainless steel will also grow in water supply and drainage treatment systems.
When it comes to longevity, the application of stainless steel in existing infrastructure such as bridges, highways and tunnels is increasing in Europe, a trend that is expected to spread across the world. Furthermore, the lifespan of standard Japanese residential buildings is particularly short, 20 to 30 years, making waste disposal a significant problem.
Recently, buildings designed to last 100 years have begun to appear, increasing the demand for highly durable materials. From an environmental perspective, longer-lasting materials reduce civil and construction waste, but require discussions about how to reduce maintenance costs from the design stage.
Regarding IT proliferation, functional materials play a significant role in equipment hardware during IT development and diffusion, with high demands on precision and performance. For example, the high strength, elasticity and non-magnetism of stainless steel have been flexibly used in cell phones and microcomputer components, expanding their applications.
Stainless steel, with its good cleanliness and durability, has also played an important role in the manufacture of semiconductor equipment and various substrates.
Stainless steel has several superior properties not found in other metals. Being a highly durable and recyclable material, it is expected to find wide applications in various fields in response to changing times.
