Tipos comuns de falhas nos dentes das engrenagens

Common Types of Gear Tooth Failures

broken transmissions and gears

Gears fail in a variety of ways, usually toothing, corrosive, broken, or tooth fatigue. Assessing gear damage can be challenging, especially in industrial equipment. There are often multiple conditions that simultaneously contribute to failure. It is important to understand the basics and avoid them if possible.

We can classify failures as follows:

  • To break
  • Usury
  • Superficial fatigue
  • Plastic deformation
  • Manufacturing and installation flaws

To break

Crack is a fracture of the entire tooth or a substantial portion of it due to repeated overload or overstressing of the tooth material. Fractures generally occur due to high bending stresses at the tooth root or fillet radius, sometimes emphasized by cracks or notches.

Usury

Wear is a more or less gradual removal of material from the mating surfaces of the teeth in contact. Factors that contribute to wear include load loading, inadequate lubrication, abrasive particles and corrosion.

Superficial fatigue

Also known as pitting, surface fatigue is a process of removing small pieces of metal, which leaves holes or cavities in the surface. This is caused by repeated loading that produces stresses above the material's ultimate strength. It usually progresses over a long period of time. A severe form, in which large pits occur over a considerable area, is called spalling.

Deformation

This happens when the tension is enough to permanently deform the metal. Heavy loads, combined with the rolling and sliding action of the crushing teeth, cause the mating surfaces to fail and become permanently deformed.

Production failures

This category includes failure modes such as grinding burns, tool marks or cuts, hardening marks, heat treatment cracks. These defects can lead to catastrophic failures.

Failure analysis can be used to identify the cause of failure. The properties and characteristics of materials can contribute to these failures. Some of the common ways gear failure can be avoided by choosing the right material, correct workmanship, protection from contamination, or simply making sure the gears are properly lubricated.

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