What is steel quality?
The classification of steel products is normally represented by a combination of letters, symbols of chemical elements and Arabic numerals to indicate their name, purpose, characteristics and production process.
This system has been developed over many years by various national standards organizations, such as European EN standards, American ASTM standards and AISI standards, Japanese JIS standards, Chinese GB standards and international ISO standards.
Steel is generally classified based on the following criteria:
- Chemical composition: including carbon steel, low alloy steel and stainless steel
- Smelting method: including open furnace steel, converter steel and electric furnace steel
- Processing technology: including hot-rolled steel and cold-rolled steel
- Product shape: such as thick plates, thin plates, strips, tubes and profiles
- Deoxidation methods: including dead steel, semi-dead steel and boiling steel
- Microstructure: including ferritic steel, pearlitic steel and martensitic steel
- Strength Level: For example, grade C tensile strength in ASTM A420 ranges from 515 to 655 MPa
- Heat treatment process: including annealing, quenching, tempering and thermomechanical processing.
Steel is often categorized based on its carbon content into the following three groups:
- Mild steel, including AISI 1005 to AISI 1026, IF, HSLA, TRIP and TWIN steel
- Medium carbon steel such as AISI 1029 to AISI 1053
- High carbon steel such as AISI 1055 to AISI 1095.
Furthermore, based on the European standard classification, steel can be divided into the following categories:
- Non-alloy steel, such as ENDC01-DC06; S235; S275
- Alloy steel such as 2CrMo4 and 25CrMo4
- Stainless steel
- Tool steel, such as EN1545; AISI/SAE W110; EN 1.2436, AISI/SAE D6
- Plate and strip
- Electrical steel plates and strips, such as EN0890 and EN 1.0803.
It is important to highlight that, sometimes, types of special steels may have different characteristics due to variations in standards.
For example, 34CrMo4 is defined by both DIN and EN. The EN standard includes six subgroup specifications, while the DIN standard has different specifications.
These steel specifications describe changes in tensile properties that result from various thermomechanical treatments.
Steel Grade Table of 7 Countries
Carbon Structural Steel Grade Table
| China | Russia | USA | UK | Japan | France | Germany | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steel grades | GB | ГОСТ | ASTM | Nonsense | JIS | NF | DIN |
| Quality Carbon Structural Steel | 08F | 08КП | 1006 | 040A04 | S09CK | C10 | |
| 8 | 8 | 1008 | 045M10 | S9CK | C10 | ||
| 10ºF | 1010 | 040A10 | XC10 | ||||
| 10 | 10 | 10 101 012 |
045M10 | S10C | XC10 | C10 CK10 |
|
| 15 | 15 | 1015 | 095M15 | S15C | XC12 | C15 CK15 |
|
| 20 | 20 | 1020 | 050A20 | S20C | XC18 | C22 CK22 |
|
| 25 | 25 | 1025 | S25C | CK25 | |||
| 30 | 30 | 1030 | 060A30 | S30C | XC32 | ||
| 35 | 35 | 1035 | 060A35 | S35C | XC38TS | C35 CK35 |
|
| 40 | 40 | 1040 | 080A40 | S40C | XC38H1 | ||
| 45 | 45 | 1045 | 080M46 | S45C | XC45 | C45 CK45 |
|
| 50 | 50 | 1050 | 060A52 | S50C | XC48TS | CK53 | |
| 55 | 55 | 1055 | 070M55 | S55C | XC55 | ||
| 60 | 60 | 1060 | 080A62 | S58C | XC55 | C60 CK60 |
|
| 15 minutes | 15Г | 10 161 115 |
080A17 | SB46 | XC12 | 14Mn4 | |
| 20 minutes | 20th | 10 211 022 |
080A20 | XC18 | |||
| 30 minutes | 30Г | 10 301 033 |
080A32 | S30C | XC32 | ||
| 40 minutes | 40Г | 10 361 040 |
080A40 | S40C | 40M5 | 40Mn4 | |
| 45 minutes | 45Г | 10 431 045 |
080A47 | S45C | |||
| 50 minutes | 50Г | 10 501 052 |
030A52 | S53C | XC48 | ||
| 080M50 |
Alloy Structural Steel Grades Table
| China | Russia | USA | UK | Japan | France | Germany | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steel grades | GB | ГОСТ | ASTM | Nonsense | JIS | NF | DIN |
| Alloy Steel Structure | 20Mn2 | 20Г2 | 13 201 321 |
150M19 | SMn420 | 20Mn5 | |
| 30Mn2 | 30Г2 | 1330 | 150M28 | SMn433H | 32M5 | 30Mn5 | |
| 35Mn2 | 35Г2 | 1335 | 150M36 | SMn438 (H) |
35M5 | 36Mn5 | |
| 40Mn2 | 40Г2 | 1340 | SMn443 | 40M5 | |||
| 45Mn2 | 45Г2 | 1345 | SMn443 | 46Mn7 | |||
| 50Mn2 | 50Г2 | ~55M5 | |||||
| 20MnV | 20MnV6 | ||||||
| 35SiMn | 35CГ | En46 | 37MnSi5 | ||||
| 42SiMn | 35CГ | En46 | 46MnSi4 | ||||
| 40B | TS14B35 | ||||||
| 45B | 50B46H | ||||||
| 40MnB | 50B40 | ||||||
| 45MnB | 50B44 | ||||||
| 15 cr | 15X | 5115 | 523M15 | SCr415 (H) |
12C3 | 15Cr3 | |
| 20 cr | 20X | 5120 | 527A19 | SCr420H | 18C3 | 20Cr4 | |
| 30cr | 30X | 5130 | 530A30 | SCr430 | 28Cr4 | ||
| 35 cr | 35X | 5132 | 530A36 | SCr430 (H) |
32C4 | 34Cr4 | |
| 40cr | 40X | 5140 | 520M40 | SCr440 | 42C4 | 41Cr4 | |
| 45cr | 45X | 51 455 147 |
534A99 | SCr445 | 45C4 | ||
| 38CrSi | 38XC | ||||||
| 12CrMo | 12XM | 620CR.B | 12CD4 | 13CrMo44 | |||
| 15CrMo | 15XM | A-387Cr. B | 1653 | STC42 | 12CD4 | 16CrMo44 | |
| STT42 | |||||||
| STB42 | |||||||
| 20CrMo | 20XM | 41 194 118 |
CDS12 | SCT42 | 18CD4 | 20CrMo44 | |
| CDS110 | STT42 | ||||||
| STB42 | |||||||
| 25CrMo | 4125 | En20A | 25CD4 | 25CrMo4 | |||
| 30CrMo | 30XM | 4130 | 1717COS110 | SCM420 | 30CD4 | ||
| 42CrMo | 4140 | 708A42 | 42CD4 | 42CrMo4 | |||
| 708M40 | |||||||
| 35CrMo | 35XM | 4135 | 708A37 | SCM3 | 35CD4 | 34CrMo4 | |
| 12CrMoV | 12XMΦ | ||||||
| 12Cr1MoV | 12X1MΦ | 13CrMoV42 | |||||
| 25Cr2Mo1VA | 25X2M1ΦA | ||||||
| 20CrV | 20XΦ | 6120 | 22CrV4 | ||||
| 40CrV | 40XΦA | 6140 | 42CrV6 | ||||
| 50CrVA | 50XΦA | 6150 | 735A30 | SUP10 | 50CV4 | 50CrV4 | |
| 15CrMn | 15X, 18X | ||||||
| 20CrMn | 20XГCA | 5152 | 527A60 | SUP9 | |||
| 30CrMnSiA | 30XГCA | ||||||
| 40CrNi | 40XH | 3140H | 640M40 | SNC236 | 40NiCr6 | ||
| 20CrNi3A | 20XH3A | 3316 | 20NC11 | 20NiCr14 | |||
| 30CrNi3A | 30XH3A | 3325 | 653M31 | SNC631H | 28NiCr10 | ||
| 3330 | SNC631 | ||||||
| 20MnMoB | 80B20 | ||||||
| 38CrMoAlA | 38XMIOA | 905M39 | SACM645 | 40CAD6.12 | 41CrAlMo07 | ||
| 40CrNiMoA | 40XHMA | 4340 | 871M40 | SNCM439 | 40NiCrMo22 |
Spring steel grade table
| China | Russia | USA | UK | Japan | France | Germany | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steel grades | GB | ГОСТ | ASTM | Nonsense | JIS | NF | DIN |
| Steel spring | 60 | 60 | 1060 | 080A62 | S58C | XC55 | C60 |
| 85 | 85 | C1085 | 080A86 | SUP3 | |||
| 1084 | |||||||
| 65 minutes | 65Г | 1566 | |||||
| 55Si2Mn | 55C2Г | 9255 | 250A53 | SUP6 | 55S6 | 55Si7 | |
| 60Si2MnA | 60C2ГA | 9260 | 250A61 | SUP7 | 61S7 | 65Si7 | |
| 9260H | |||||||
| 50CrVA | 50XΦA | 6150 | 735A50 | SUP10 | 50CV4 | 50CrV4 |
Steel Grade Table for Roller Bearings
| China | Russia | USA | UK | Japan | France | Germany | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steel grades | GB | ГОСТ | ASTM | Nonsense | JIS | NF | DIN |
| Roller Bearing Steel | GCr9 | ShX9 | E51100 | SUJ1 | 100C5 | 105Cr4 | |
| 51100 | |||||||
| GCr9SiMn | SUJ3 | ||||||
| GCr15 | ShX15 | E52100 | 534A99 | SUJ2 | 100C6 | 100Cr6 | |
| 52100 | |||||||
| GCr15SiMn | ШX15CГ | 100CrMn6 |
Free Cutting Steel Grade Table
| China | Russia | USA | UK | Japan | France | Germany | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steel grades | GB | ГОСТ | ASTM | Nonsense | JIS | NF | DIN |
| Free cutting steel | A12 | A12 | Chapter 1109 | SUM12 | |||
| A15 | B1113 | 220M07 | SUM22 | 10S20 | |||
| Year 20 | A20 | C1120 | SUM32 | 20F2 | 22S20 | ||
| A30 | A30 | C1130 | SUM42 | 35S20 | |||
| Y40Mn | A40Г | Chapter 1144 | 225M36 | 45MF2 | 40S20 |
Wear-resistant steel grade table
| China | Russia | USA | UK | Japan | France | Germany | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steel grades | GB | ГОСТ | ASTM | Nonsense | JIS | NF | DIN |
| Wear-resistant steel | ZGMn13 | 116Г13Ю | SCMnH11 | Z120M12 | X120Mn12 |
Carbon Tool Steel Grades Table
| China | Russia | USA | UK | Japan | France | Germany | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steel grades | GB | ГОСТ | ASTM | Nonsense | JIS | NF | DIN |
| Carbon steel stool | T7 | y7 | W1-7 | SK7 SK6 |
C70W1 | ||
| T8 | y8 | SK6 SK5 |
|||||
| T8A | y8A | W1-0.8C | 1104Y175 | C80W1 | |||
| T8Mn | y8Г | SK5 | |||||
| T10 | y10 | W1-1.0C | D1 | SK3 | |||
| T12 | a12 | W1-1.2C | D1 | SK2 | A2 120 | C125W | |
| T12A | y12A | W1-1.2C | XC 120 | C125W2 | |||
| T13 | a13 | SK1 | A2 140 | C135W |
High Speed Tool Steel Grade Table
| China | Russia | USA | UK | Japan | France | Germany | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steel grades | GB | ГОСТ | ASTM | Nonsense | JIS | NF | DIN |
| High Speed Tool Steel | W18Cr4V | P18 | T1 | BT1 | SKH2 | Z80WCV | S18-0-1 |
| 1/4/2018 | |||||||
| W6Mo5Cr4V2 | P6M3 | N2 | BM2 | SKH9 | Z85WDCV | S6-5-2 | |
| 06-05-04-02 | |||||||
| W18Cr4VCo5 | P18K5Φ2 | T4 | BT4 | SKH3 | Z80WKCV | S18-1-2-5 | |
| 18-05-04-01 | |||||||
| W2Mo9Cr4VCo8 | M42 | BM42 | Z110DKCWV | S2-10-1-8 | |||
| 09-08-04-02-01 |
Alloy Tool Steel Grades Table
| China | Russia | USA | UK | Japan | France | Germany | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steel grades | GB | ГОСТ | ASTM | Nonsense | JIS | NF | DIN |
| Alloy Tool Steel | 8MnSi | C75W3 | |||||
| 9SiCr | 9XC | BH21 | 90CrSi5 | ||||
| Cr2 | X | L3 | 100Cr6 | ||||
| Cr06 | 13X | W5 | SKS8 | 140Cr3 | |||
| 9Cr2 | 9X | I | 100Cr6 | ||||
| W | B1 | F1 | BF1 | SK21 | 120W4 | ||
| Cr12 | X12 | D3 | BD3 | SKD1 | Z200C12 | X210Cr12 | |
| Cr12MoV | X12M | D2 | BD2 | SKD11 | Z200C12 | X165CrMoV46 | |
| 9Mn2V | 9Г2Φ | two | 80M80 | 90MnV8 | |||
| 9CrWMn | 9XBГ | 1 | SKS3 | 80M8 | |||
| CrWMn | XBГ | 7 | SKS31 | 105WC13 | 105WCr6 | ||
| 3Cr2W8V | 3X2B8Φ | H21 | BH21 | SKD5 | X30WC9V | X30WCrV93 | |
| 5CrMnMo | 5XГM | SKT5 | 40CrMnMo7 | ||||
| 5CrNiMo | 5XHM | L6 | SKT4 | 55NCDV7 | 55NiCrMoV6 | ||
| 4Cr5MoSiV | 4X5MΦC | H11 | BH11 | SKD61 | Z38CDV5 | X38CrMoV51 | |
| 4CrW2Si | 4XB2C | SKS41 | 40WCDS35-12 | 35WCrV7 | |||
| 5CrW2Si | 5XB2C | S1 | BSi | 45WCrV7 |
Heat Resistant Steel Grade Table
| China | Russia | USA | UK | Japan | France | Germany | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steel grades | GB | ГОСТ | ASTM | Nonsense | JIS | NF | DIN |
| Heat resistant steel | 2Cr23Ni13 | 20X23H12 | 309 | 309S24 | SUH309 | Z15CN24.13 | |
| S30900 | |||||||
| 2Cr25Ni21 | 20X25H20C2 | 310 | 310S24 | SUH310 | Z12CN25.20 | CrNi2520 | |
| S31000 | |||||||
| 0Cr25Ni20 | 310S | SUS310S | |||||
| S31008 | |||||||
| 0Cr17Ni12Mo2 | 08X17H13M2T | 316 | 316S16 | SUS316 | Z6CND17.12 | X5CrNiMo1810 | |
| S31600 | |||||||
| 0Cr18Ni11Nb | 08X18H12E | 347 | 347S17 | SUS347 | Z6CNNb18.10 | X10CrNiNb189 | |
| S34700 | |||||||
| 1Cr13Mo | SUS410J1 | ||||||
| 1Cr17Ni2 | 14X17H2 | 431 | 431S29 | SUS431 | Z15CN16-02 | X22CrNi17 | |
| S43100 | |||||||
| 0Cr17Ni7Al | 09X17H7Ю | 631 | SUS631 | Z8CNA17.7 | X7CrNiAl177 | ||
| S17700 |
Stainless Steel Grade Table
| China | Russia | USA | UK | Japan | France | Germany | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steel grades | GB | ГОСТ | ASTM | Nonsense | JIS | NF | DIN |
| Stainless steel | 1Cr18Ni9 | 12X18H9 | 302 | 302S25 | SUS302 | Z10CN18.09 | X12CrNi188 |
| S30200 | |||||||
| Y1Cr18Ni9 | 303 | 303S21 | SUS303 | Z10CNF18.09 | X12CrNiS188 | ||
| S30300 | |||||||
| 0Cr19Ni9 | 08X18H10 | 304 | 304S15 | SUS304 | Z6CN18.09 | X5CrNi189 | |
| S30400 | |||||||
| 00Cr19Ni11 | 03X18H11 | 304L | 304S12 | SUS304L | Z2CN18.09 | X2CrNi189 | |
| S30403 | |||||||
| 0Cr18Ni11Ti | 08X18H10T | 321 | 321S12 | SUS321 | Z6CNT18.10 | X10CrNiTi189 | |
| S32100 | 321S20 | ||||||
| 0Cr13Al | 405 | 405S17 | SUS405 | Z6CA13 | X7CrAl13 | ||
| S40500 | |||||||
| 1Ch17 | 12X17 | 430 | 430S15 | SUS430 | Z8C17 | X8Cr17 | |
| S43000 | |||||||
| 1Ch13 | 12X13 | 410 | 410S21 | SUS410 | Z12C13 | X10Cr13 | |
| S41000 | |||||||
| 2Ch13 | 20X13 | 420 | 420S37 | SUS420J1 | Z20C13 | X20Cr13 | |
| S42000 | |||||||
| 3Ch13 | 30X13 | 420S45 | SUS420J2 | ||||
| 7Ch17 | 440A | SUS440A | |||||
| S44002 | |||||||
| 0Cr17Ni7Al | 09X17H7Ю | 631 | SUS631 | Z8CNA17.7 | X7CrNiAl177 | ||
| S17700 |
Aluminum Grade Table of 7 Countries
| China | USA | UK | Japan | France | Germany | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | |||||||
| Category | GB | ASTM | Nonsense | JIS | NF | DIN | ГОСТ |
| Commercially Pure Aluminum | 1A99 | 1199 | A199.99R | A99 | |||
| 1A97 | A199.98R | A97 | |||||
| 1A95 | A95 | ||||||
| 1A80 | 1080 (1A) |
1080 | 1080A | A199.90 | A8 | ||
| 1A50 | 1050 | 1050 (1B) |
1050 | 1050A | A199.50 | A5 | |
| Antirust Aluminum | 5A02 | 5052 | NS4 | 5052 | 5052 | A1Mg2.5 | Amg |
| 5A03 | NS5 | AMg3 | |||||
| 5A05 | 5056 | NB6 | 5056 | A1Mg5 | AMg5V | ||
| 5A30 | 5456 | NG61 | 5556 | 5957 | |||
| Duralumin | 2A01 | 2036 | 2117 | 2117 | AlCu2.5Mg0.5 | D18 | |
| 2A11 | HF15 | 2017 | 2017S | AlCuMg1 | D1 | ||
| 2A12 | 2124 | 2024 | 2024 | AlCuMg2 | D16AVTV | ||
| 2B16 | 2319 | ||||||
| Aluminum Forging | 2A80 | 2N01 | AK4 | ||||
| 2A90 | 2218 | 2018 | AK2 | ||||
| 2A14 | 2014 | 2014 | 2014 | AlCuSiMn | AK8 | ||
| Ultraduralumin | 7A09 | 7175 | 7075 | 7075 | AlZnMgCu1.5 | V95P | |
| Cast Aluminum Alloy | ZAlSi7Mn | 356.2 | LM25 | AC4C | G-AlSi7Mg | ||
| ZAlSi12 | 413.2 | LM6 | AC3A | A-S12-Y4 | G-Al12 | AL2 | |
| ZAlSi5Cu1Mg | 355.2 | AL5 | |||||
| ZAlSi2Cu2Mg1 | 413 | AC8A | G-Al12 (Ass) |
||||
| ZAlCu5Mn | AL19 | ||||||
| ZAlCu5MnCdVA | 201 | ||||||
| ZAlMg10 | 520.2 | LM10 | AG11 | G-AlMg10 | AL8 | ||
| ZAlMg5Si | G-AlMg5Si | AL13 | |||||
