1. Cylindrical spiral spring
Cylindrical helical compression spring with circular section
The characteristics of the line are linearity, stable rigidity, simple structure, convenient manufacturing and wide applicability.
It is mainly used as a shock absorber, for vibration reduction, energy storage and motion control in mechanical equipment.
Rectangular Section Cylindrical Helical Compression Spring
Under equivalent space constraints, a rectangular-section cylindrical helical compression spring has greater stiffness and can absorb more energy compared to a circular-section cylindrical helical compression spring.
Its characteristic curve is more linear and its stiffness is more constant.
Flat Section Cylindrical Helical Compression Spring
Compared with the cylindrical spiral compression spring with circular section, the cylindrical spiral compression spring with flat section has the advantages of large energy storage capacity, low compression height and large compression capacity.
As a result, it is commonly used in valve systems of engines, clutches, automatic transmissions, and other devices that have limited space for installation.
Unequal Pitch Cylindrical Helical Compression Spring
As the load increases to a certain point, the spring gradually tightens from a small step, causing the stiffness to increase and the characteristic line to change from linear to incremental. As a result, the natural frequency becomes variable, allowing better elimination or attenuation of resonance. This feature makes it a popular choice for use in high-speed load-shifting mechanisms.
Multi-strand Cylindrical Helical Compression Spring
The material used for a multi-strand cylindrical spiral compression spring is steel cable twisted with fine steel wire.
When not under load, the contact between wire rope wires is relatively loose. However, when an external load reaches a certain level, the contact tightens and the spring stiffness increases, causing a breaking point in the characteristic line of the multi-wire spiral spring.
Compared with an ordinary cylindrical spiral spring made of the same section material, the multi-strand cylindrical spiral compression spring has greater strength and a stronger damping effect.
It is commonly used in weapons and aircraft engines.
Cylindrical Helical Extension Spring
The performance and characteristics of cylindrical helical tension springs are similar to those of cylindrical helical compression springs with circular sections.
These springs are primarily used in applications requiring tensile load, such as in overload safety devices for couplings and as pawl return tension springs in ratchet mechanisms.
Cylindrical Helical Torsion Spring
A cylindrical helical torsion spring is designed to withstand torsional loads and is commonly used for pressing, energy storage, and as an elastic link in transmission systems. With a linear characteristic line, it is widely used in various applications, such as dynamometers and forced air valve closing mechanisms.
2. Reduction of the coil spring
Conical coil spring
The function of a tapered coil spring is similar to that of an unequal pitch coil spring. When a load reaches a certain level, the spring gradually tightens, starting from the larger coil to the smaller coil, until the coils begin to make contact.
The characteristic line is non-linear, the stiffness increases gradually, and the natural vibration frequency is a variable value. This makes it ideal for eliminating or reducing resonance and makes it have stronger anti-resonance ability compared to equal pitch compression springs.
This type of spring is known for its compact structure and stability. It is commonly used to support heavy loads and reduce vibrations, such as in suspension springs for heavy vibrating screens and in Dongfeng automobile transmissions.
Volute helical spring
Compared to other springs, volute coil springs have the ability to absorb more energy in a compact space. Furthermore, the friction between the plates can effectively reduce vibration.
Volute coil springs are commonly used in piping systems that require absorption of thermal expansion deformation and Yin Ni vibration, as well as components related to piping systems, such as steam and water piping systems in thermal power plants.
However, the volute coil spring has some limitations, including a small space between the plates that makes quenching difficult and blasting impossible. Furthermore, the manufacturing precision of the spring may not be high enough.
3. Torsion bar spring
The design of torsion bar springs is simple, however, the requirements for material quality and manufacturing precision are high.
It is mainly used as a suspension spring in automobiles and light vehicles, as well as an auxiliary spring for valves in internal combustion engines, pneumatic springs and pressurizers.
4. Belleville Spring
Common Belleville springs feature great load-bearing, damping and shock absorption capabilities.
Using different combinations, various characteristic lines can be obtained.
These springs can be used in a variety of applications, including pressure safety valves, automatic conversion devices, reset devices, clutches and more.
5. Ring spring
Ring springs are commonly used in applications that require the absorption of significant amounts of energy within limited space constraints, including: springs in locomotive traction devices, damper springs for cranes and cannons, damping springs for forging hammers, and springs brakes on aircraft, among others. .
6. Flat Volute Spring
The hairspring is a flat, coiled spring made from a small metal belt. It can serve both as a measuring element (known as a measuring spiral) and as a pressure element (referred to as a contact spiral).
The spring primarily serves as an energy storage component.
Clockwork is reliable and easy to maintain.
It is commonly used in timing devices and time control instruments such as clocks, recording instruments, household appliances, etc., and as a power source in motorized toys.
7. Leaf spring
The leaf spring is a type of sheet metal with a rectangular section, mainly used in applications with low load and deformation. It can serve as a sensitive element in detection instruments or automatic devices, an electrical contact point, a pawl in a ratchet mechanism, a pressure spring for a positioner, or a support or guide rail.
8. Steel plate spring
Steel plate spring consists of several spring steel plates.
It is commonly used as a suspension component in automobiles, tractors and trains to provide cushioning and reduce vibrations.
Furthermore, it is used as a vibration damping device in various mechanical products due to its high rigidity.
9. Rubber spring
The rubber spring has a small modulus of elasticity, allowing significant elastic deformation, facilitating the achievement of the desired non-linear characteristics. Its shape is unrestricted and its stiffness can be freely selected to meet design requirements in any direction.
Furthermore, the rubber spring is capable of supporting multiple loads simultaneously, simplifying the overall structure of the system. The use of rubber springs in mechanical equipment is growing rapidly.
10. Rubber – metal spiral composite spring
The characteristic curve of a rubber-metal spiral composite spring is increasing.
Compared to a rubber spring, this composite spring has greater stiffness and damping compared to a metal spring.
As a result, it has the benefits of high load capacity, effective vibration damping and increased wear resistance.
It is suitable for suspension systems on mining equipment and heavy vehicles.
11. Pneumatic spring
An air spring is a type of non-metallic spring that uses the compressibility of air to provide an elastic effect. When used in a vehicle's suspension system, it can significantly improve the vehicle's dynamic performance and running comfort, making it a widely adopted technology in cars and trains.
12. Diaphragm and capsule
Wavy diaphragm
It is used to evaluate non-linear quantities related to pressure, including the flow of liquids or gases in pipelines and the speed and altitude of aircraft.
Flat diaphragm
It is used as a sensitive component of the instrument, serving to isolate two distinct substances. For example, it functions as a flexible sealing device that deforms in response to changes in pressure or vacuum.
Capsule
Two identical diaphragms are connected in a box shape along the periphery.
13. Pressure spring tube
Under the influence of fluid pressure, the end of the pressure spring tube undergoes displacement, which is then transmitted to the pointer through a transmission mechanism. This mechanism is used in various instruments such as pressure gauges, thermometers, vacuum gauges, liquid level gauges and flow meters.
