To ensure the quality of welding, it is necessary to process the parts of the part that require welding before starting the process. This is done through cutting or gas cutting, which typically involves inclined planes or sometimes curved surfaces.
For example, if two 10mm thick steel plates need to be butt welded, a chamfer will be milled into the edge of the plate for a secure weld. This process is called chamfering.
The shape of the welding joint and the shape of the groove vary depending on the material thickness and welding quality requirements. The groove shape is generally categorized as K type, V type, I type, U type, X type, etc.
Geometric dimension of the groove
(1) Groove surface
The surface of the groove on the part to be welded is called the groove surface.
(2) Groove face angle and groove angle
The angle included between the end face of the groove to be processed and the groove surface is known as the groove surface angle. Similarly, the angle included between the two groove surfaces is called the groove angle.
(3) Root gap
The space left between the joint root before welding is known as root clearance. Its purpose is to facilitate root penetration during support welding.
Mounting clearance is also called root clearance.
(4) Blunt edge
When welding is beveled, the straight edge of the end face along the groove root of the welded joint is called the blind edge.
The purpose of the blunt edge is to prevent the root from burning.
(5) Root radius
The radius of the curve at the bottom of J-shaped and U-shaped grooves is known as the root radius. Its purpose is to provide additional space at the root of the groove, allowing for welding.
Common groove shapes
Single-Sided V-Groove with Blunt Edge:
K-slot:
I-groove:
V-groove:
X-Slot:
J-slot:
Fig.: simple J-groove
Figure: Double J-slot
U-groove:
Figure: single U-groove
Figure: Double U groove
