Projeto Mecânico de Sistema de Bombeamento Pneumático Automático de Água

Mechanical Design of Automatic Pneumatic Water Pumping System

AUTOMATIC PNEUMATIC WATER PUMPING SYSTEM

SYNOPSIS

The objective of the project is a water pumping system with pneumatic operation. Radial plunger pneumatic water pumping system is a reciprocating pump in which piston is provided for the pumping action. The piston is switched with the help of a pneumatic cylinder and a solenoid valve. Two cylinders are used in this project, one for pneumatic cylinder and the other for hydraulic cylinder. The amount of water output is varied by the time control unit.

INTRODUCTION

A pump is a mechanical device that converts mechanical energy into hydraulic energy. This pump is classified into two types;

I. Positive Displacement and
ii. Non-positive displacement pump

A positive displacement pump is one in which the liquid is transferred positively from one stage to another by the back-and-forth movement of the pump's plunger or piston.

In non-positive displacement pump, liquid is transferred by centrifugal force. This force is caused by the rotary movement of an impeller. In this project of ours, the pneumatic water pump is a positive displacement pump. The main features of a pneumatic water pump have been retained in our design model and this has been achieved with great care.

Due to the high precision work involved in the production of pneumatic water pumps, in addition to the higher cost, these pumps are not widely manufactured by most industries. The name itself indicates that it works with the help of a piston. This piston is switched with the help of a solenoid valve and an electronic timing control unit.

WORKING PRINCIPLE

Starting initially with air packs, their function is to compress air from a low inlet pressure (usually atmospheric) to a higher pressure level. This is achieved by reducing the air volume. Air compressors are generally positive displacement units and are of the reciprocating piston type or rotary screw or rotary vane type. The air compressor used here is a two-stage compressor unit, typically small in size. It also consists of a compressed air tank, electric rotor and pulley drive, pressure controls and instruments for quick connection and use. The compressor is driven by a 10 HP engine and designed to operate in the range of 145 – 175 PSI. If the pressure exceeds the design pressure of the receiver, a supplied release value releases the excess air and thus prevents any danger that may occur.

Automatic pneumatic water pumping system Automatic pneumatic water pumping system

The stored air from the compressor passes through an air filter where the compressed air is filtered of fine dust particles. However, before air is sucked into the compressor, a filtration process takes place, but not enough to operate in the circuit where the filter is used. It then has a pressure regulator where the desired pressure is adjusted to the operator.

Here a variable pressure regulator is adopted. Through a variety of available direction control values, a manually operated solenoid valve with control unit is applied. The solenoid valve used here has 5 ports and 3 positions. There are two exhaust ports, two outlet ports and one inlet port. In two extreme positions, only the directions can be changed, while the Center ore is a neutral position and no physical changes occur. The 2 output ports are connected to an actuator (cylinder). The pneumatic drive is a double-acting, single-rod cylinder. The cylinder output is coupled to another purpose. The piston end has an air horn effect to prevent sudden thrusts at the ends.

WORKING PRINCIPLES

  • Compressed air from the compressor reaches the solenoid valve. The solenoid valve changes the flow direction according to the signals from the timing device.
  • Compressed air passes through the solenoid valve and is admitted to the front end of the cylinder block. The air pushes the piston into the cutting stroke.
  • At the end of the cutting stroke, air from the solenoid valve reaches the rear end of the cylinder block. The pressure remains the same but the area is smaller due to the presence of the piston rod. This puts greater pressure on the piston, pushing it at a faster rate, thus allowing for a faster return stroke.

The check valve is fixed on both sides of the hydraulic cylinders (four numbers).
The piston stroke length can be changed by making suitable adjustments to the timer.

FORMS

  • Because the pneumatic water pump is more efficient, it is mainly used to pump water or oil.
  • Home Applications
  • Industrial applications

    • BENEFITS

    Even though all other pumps have similar usage, pneumatic water pump is more advantageous than other pumps.
    1. This is compact in size
    2. Less maintenance is enough
    3. The pumped oil or water has higher pressure
    4. Smooth operation and smooth operation are achieved.
    5. Greater efficiency
    6. Fully Efficient Positive Displacement Pump
    7. Effective working principle
    8. It does not have any main motor such as electric motor related to the unit.
    9. As air is freely available we can use it to pump water and hence it is economical.
    10. Less maintenance

    LIMITATIONS

    • It is more expensive than other types of pump because of the compressor unit.
    • Less efficiency when compressed into another device.
    • Air leakage affects the operation of the unit.

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