Projeto e fabricação de máquina plantadora automática para aplicação agrícola

Design and manufacture of automatic planting machine for agricultural application

Design and manufacture of automatic planting machine for agricultural application

ABSTRACT:

More than sixty percent of India depends on agriculture and the State Government for the development of the agricultural sector has given high priority to uplift and boost the rural economy. Planting crops properly plays a vital contribution to agriculture, endless efforts are being made to ensure availability of quality food grains to farmers in order to sustain agricultural development and the best vegetables for the end consumer . The article presents theoretical aspects about the kinematics and dynamics of the crop planting machine and shows that we implement everything necessary for planting crops, which includes cultivation, planting, fertilization and soil excavation, the entire process in a single operation. Cultivators' high harvest growth prospects and forecasts are very high because intensive soil cultivation requires consistency and reliability. However, cultivators are also expected to work smoothly and cultivate large areas. Our design competes with all these expectations to help growers. Simply load the crops to be planted into the holes of the rotating disc, due to the activation of the planting tube it is planted automatically. Furthermore, our prototype model can be converted into full-width cultivators with some manual planting actions. The future scope of this work; We implement the entire process for a single line. Whereas our machine can only support a single operation and this can be expanded by placing one or more planter tubes to cultivate the seeds at regular spacings.

INTRODUCTION :

Agriculture is the backbone of our country. There are several types of plants cultivated by our ancestors. Modern farmers follow the same types of farming methods with improved techniques. Among these, banana cultivation plays an important role. Almost forty percent of farmers in South India grow banana trees. Banana is a tropical herbaceous plant consisting of an underground shoot and a trunk composed of concentric layers of leaf sheaths. 10 to 15 months after a new plant emerges, its true stem grows rapidly from the center and emerges as a terminal inflorescence that bears fruit. In India, banana tree cutting is done by tractor and decomposition method. This method is followed by farmers in wide range. Cutting the banana tree takes some time for the stem to completely decompose.

Due to the rising price of raw materials such as fertilizers, pesticides and agricultural equipment, farmers want to obtain cost-effective methods for growing their banana tree. By using this method, they will boost economic growth and, in turn, contribute to nation building. The cutting process becomes simple and efficient through the induction of automation. The traditional method of cutting banana trees is expensive and requires skilled labor. A workable machine is required to facilitate the process. By utilizing engineering principles and automation techniques, this machine will make everything easier and more user-friendly.

As discussed earlier, the conventional method of cutting banana tree is done by direct decomposition and rotary tractor method. This process is tedious, the proposed machine aims to make things simple and easy. The main motto is to introduce automation and make this process profitable. The process involves cutting the banana tree into pieces. The entire configuration is assembled on the mechanical base with movable tire arrangement. Many farmers find it difficult to spend time and money. Therefore, making the machine that works user-friendly makes many farmers feel happy. The main human operation in the process consists only of turning on the electricity and manually operating the machine.

2D LAYOUT OF THE AUTOMATIC PLANTER VEHICLE:

Design and manufacture of automatic planting machine for agricultural application Design and manufacture of automatic planting machine for agricultural application

WORKING PRINCIPLE:

The working prototype consists of a planter tube that is linearly translated via a pneumatic cylinder arrangement. The planter tube is made up of two covers that control the entry and ejection of crops, one placed in the upper corner of the tube and the other installed in the lower corner. The opening and closing of the cover is controlled by rope and pulley accessories, when the planter tube goes up at that moment the upper cover opens and when it goes down the lower cover opens. The crops to be planted are loaded onto the planter's separate wheel, which is driven by a DC motor when the holes on the planter's separator wheel reach the position to coincide with the planter's tube where the loaded crop is planted. Timing control is provided to a solenoid valve to activate the planter tube in a suitably controlled manner.

BENEFITS:

• Improvement in planting efficiency.

• Increased harvest yield and reliability.

• Increased cultivation frequency.

• Seed planting increased.

• Accuracy in placing seeds/fertilizers

• It was made of durable and cheap material, accessible to small farmers.

• Lower maintenance costs.

• The seed can be placed at any depth required.

• Plant germination can be improved.

• The need for labor has also decreased.

• Seeds can be placed evenly in a row with the necessary distance between plants.

• Provide adequate compaction on the seed.

APPLICATION:

• Can be applied to both small and large fields for crop planting applications.

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