O que são acumuladores hidráulicos

What are hydraulic accumulators

The accumulator is installed in hydraulic systems with the aim of conserving or storing energy and smoothing pulsations in the most efficient way possible. These are energy storage devices. They are quite similar to rechargeable batteries used in electrical systems. These store and release energy in the form of pressurized fluids and are widely used to improve the efficiency of the hydraulic system.

The accumulator is a pressure vessel that holds compressed gas (nitrogen) and compressed hydraulic fluid. The shell or wall of this container is formulated from stainless steel, titanium, aluminum and fiber-reinforced composites. There is an internal flexible barrier to separate compressed gas or hydraulic fluid.

Accumulators are used in hydraulic circuits, allowing us to select pumps lower than the maximum power required. There are many types of hydraulic accumulators available.

While you wait to learn more about accumulators, read this article until the end!

Accumulators utilize the compressibility of nitrogen gas, providing better energy efficiency, deafening noise and maximizing safety.

By integrating or combining an accumulator with hydraulic equipment or any other machinery that uses fluids, it can be activated to begin increasing pressure. This may temporarily provide more fluids or help absorb vibrations or any impact from the tubes.

It can also sink, increasing the overall performance of any equipment or machinery that works with the system. It also promises energy efficiency and silence.

The following will help you understand the structure and operational states of one type of bladder accumulator.

Bladder accumulator structure and operating states

Types of hydraulic accumulators

Hydraulic accumulators come in three different types, each with its own function.

Image 1-1

1. Piston accumulator

The piston accumulator looks like a hydraulic cylinder, simply without a rod. And like most accumulators, a piston accumulator comes with the same elements such as gas section, fluid section, and piston used to separate the two sections. This accumulator is essential for large stored volumes, such as 100 gallons or more.

Emulators have a loud and strong flow. The pressure depends entirely on the size of the accumulator, but you should never attempt to use a piston accumulator for shock applications. Piston accumulators are designed for heavy or robust applications. But these are much more sensitive or subject to contamination that can damage the seals. And it is also a fact that you can easily fix the accumulator by fixing the piston seals.

2. Bladder accumulator

A bladder-style accumulator with large ports facilitates the drainage of liquids and ensures that your device remains protected against all types of dirt and contamination. This accumulator is always mounted or installed vertically and sometimes horizontally in low cycle applications.

These bladder accumulators were designed with the excellent idea of ​​having a pressure ratio of 4:1, just to protect the bladder from any kind of material distortion and deformation. Professionals believe that bladder accumulators are the best when it comes to general purpose units. And these come in a wide range of sizes. Their good response characteristics make them more suitable for shock application.

3. Diaphragm accumulator

Diaphragm accumulators work very similarly to bladder accumulators. The main difference between a bladder accumulator and a diaphragm accumulator is that the former accumulator uses an elastic diaphragm instead of a rubber bladder. The elastic diaphragm is used to separate the gas and oil sections. The best thing about these accumulators is that they are lightweight, compact and economical devices that produce small flows and volumes.

This accumulator can withstand a higher compression ratio or pressure, typically 8:1 to 10:1, as a rubber barrier does not distort to the same degree as a rubber bladder. Furthermore, diaphragm accumulators also offer better mounting flexibility and are typically not susceptible to contamination. Furthermore, this type of accumulator will react much more quickly to pressure changes. This is why diaphragm accumulators are best for shock applications.

Functions of an accumulator

1. Accumulation of energy

energy storage

Batteries are widely used as a supplementary energy source. The system in which pressurized oil discharged from the accumulators is used to drive the cylinders allows the pumps to be smaller, shortens their cycles and saves energy.

2. Pressure absorption

impulse absorption

All pressurized fluid discharged from pumps has a pulse. The pulses produce noise or vibrations that can cause instability or damage to devices. Using an accumulator can attenuate the impulses.

3. Impact absorption

impact absorption

Rapid closing of valves or sudden load changes within a hydraulic circuit can cause pressure shock in the pipes, which can cause noise or damage to those pipes or devices. Using an accumulator can mitigate any internal shock.

4. Compensation for thermal expansion

thermal expansion compensation

Changes in the volume of a liquid resulting from temperature changes within a closed circuit can increase the internal pressure. An accumulator can be used to mitigate such pressure fluctuations.

Main usage examples

1. Hydraulic presses

  • Injection Molding Machines
  • Pressure casting machines
  • Automotive brake systems
  • Electric shovels
  • Vibration Testing Machines
  • Automatic switches for transformer cabins
  • Water supply systems
  • Domestic pumps
  • Equipment for steel mills, power plants and chemical plants
  • Naval engines

2. Machine tools

  • Circuit breakers for construction machines
  • Concrete compressors
  • Hydraulic elevators
  • Electric nebulizers
  • Water Purification Plants
  • Descaling equipment

3. Water pipes

  • Jet Fuel Injection Equipment
  • Muddy Water Compressors
  • Gas pipelines

4. Boilers

  • Pressurized water heaters
  • Central heating systems
  • Fire systems

Use of accumulators in the construction machinery sector

1. Wheel loader/excavator: pilot circuit

retro excavator

Equipping the pilot circuit with a hydraulic accumulator can relieve excess hydraulic pressure from the circuit. MUV and MU types are mainly used in pilot circuits. They are not that expensive and do not have a gas valve. But it is still possible to measure the residual gas pressure by measuring the inflection point.

2. Excavator: demolition machine

excavator circuit breaker

The effect of decreasing accumulator hydraulic pressure on improving attack piston speed depends on the type of switch used. Furthermore, accumulators absorb all types of vibrations or hydraulic pulsations, especially when using the breaker. It successfully suppresses the entire load of hydraulic equipment and prolongs the service life of related equipment.

3. Wheel loader

wheel loader 2

An accumulator is known for its ability to significantly reduce low-frequency vibrations such as bouncing and throwing, which are often caused by uneven road surfaces. An accumulator enables incredible driving performance and significantly reduces operator fatigue. The sensor and vehicle speed controller activate the accumulator, providing very good pulsation suppression. It automatically turns on when the speed increases and automatically turns off when driving at a lower speed. Thus, it prevents you from changing annoying operations.

4. Rough terrain crane/dump truck: suspension

By using a piston accumulator for the hydropneumatic suspension circuit, it is possible to drive the vehicle with better control, comfort and smoothness even on bumpy roads.

5. Stacking Machine

pile machine

Due to the change of hydraulic fluid in the locking part of the closed circuit, the pressure will continue to fluctuate. To reduce such pressure variations or fluctuations, the use of a hydraulic accumulator is recommended.

6. Forklift: shock-absorbing accumulator

fork-lift

Using a battery will help your vehicle absorb shock and vibration from any type of road surface. Furthermore, it also reduces the operator's overall burden, increases safety, increases work efficiency, and eliminates unnecessary and unwanted noise!

7. Forklift: Brake assist accumulator

The amount of hydraulic pressure stored by the accumulator can also be used in the brake circuit to maximize the vehicle's braking power. Furthermore, it can also be used to eliminate fluctuations in braking distance caused by loads. Again, there are advantages to using a porous material with low gas content and standard low temperature flexibility for the bladder. It can be used as a freezer or refrigerator and also outdoors at room temperature.

Conclusion

Now that you have read this article here, I hope this article helped you find the answer you were looking for! As you read, accumulators act as accumulators and store energy! The reserved energy is used to supplement the primary system in the event of an emergency or power failure.

Furthermore, the accumulator greatly improves your hydraulic system, develops response time and eliminates pulsations, shocks, unwanted vibrations and so on! In short, accumulators keep your plumbing system free from contamination and perfectly usable!

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