Main factors
In general, there are several key factors that contribute to creating a strong, beautiful weld pattern.
First:
The hand must be stable and cannot shake, as it is directly related to the appearance of the welding pattern.
Second:
Proper time management is crucial.
If the steel plate is thicker, the welding time will need to be longer; otherwise, incomplete welding is likely to occur. On the other hand, if the plate is thinner, less welding time can be applied to avoid excessive penetration.
Third:
Welding start and end times must be consistent to ensure that the welded components are strong and capable of supporting greater weight.
During the welding process, if the arc is immediately withdrawn at the end of a weld seam, it can result in the formation of an arc pit that lies below the weld surface.
If the resulting crater is too deep, it can lead to stress concentration and the formation of cracks. Therefore, it is crucial to control the residence time and ensure that the crater is properly filled in the end.
Weld bead connection (as shown in the figure below)
End connection is a welding technique in which the end joint of the weld bead is welded first and is the most commonly used method.
Head-to-head connection, on the other hand, is a technique where the welding joint is continued from the beginning of the first welding bead. To achieve this, it is necessary to strike the arc slightly in front of the beginning of the welding bead, lengthen the arc slightly, pull the arc to the beginning of the bead and cover its end. Once the start is flat, move in the opposite direction. See the figure below for a visual representation.
Revised version:
End-to-end connection” refers to a welding technique where the rear weld bead initiates the arc from the opposite end of the interface, toward the end of the front weld bead.
During this process, the welding speed is slightly slower to ensure adequate filling of the arc pit, after which a small section is welded at a faster speed before extinguishing the arc. See the figure below for a visual representation.
The head-to-tail connection refers to the connection of the end of the post-weld bead with the beginning of the pre-weld bead.
This connection uses the high temperature at the end to repeatedly melt the beginning of the pre-weld bead. As a result, the weld bead is flattened and finished quickly.
The essence of weld bead completion is how to generate the arc at the end of the weld bead.
The general closing methods are as follows:
(1) Circle finishing method:
To finish welding a thick plate, follow this technique: As the welding rod approaches the end of the weld, move in a circular motion until the arc well is filled, then slowly withdraw the arc.
(2) Repeated arc breaking termination method:
When the welding rod reaches the end of the weld, repeatedly extinguish and strike the arc into the crater several times until it is filled.
This technique is typically appropriate for thin sheet metal and high current welding, but is not suitable for alkaline electrodes as they tend to create pores.
(3) Final back welding method:
To weld a short section using an alkaline electrode, move the welding rod to the end of the weld, stop, and adjust the angle of the welding rod. This method is effective for this type of electrode.
