To meet the needs of our readers, we have developed a table of mechanical properties for a variety of ferrous and non-ferrous metals.
Related Reading: Ferrous vs Non-Ferrous Metals
Table of Mechanical Properties of Ferrous Metals
(1) Metal shear strength, tensile strength, elongation, yield strength and elastic modulus chart
| Material | Note | Material Status |
Shear Strength τ (MPa) |
Traction Strength σb (MPa) |
Stretching σs (%) |
Harvest Strength δ (MPa) |
Elastic Module AND (MPa) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Industrial pure iron for electricians C>0.025 | DT1 T2D DT3 |
annealed | 180 | 230 | 26 | – | |
| Electrical Silicon Steel | D11 D12 D21 D31 D32 D370 D310~340 S41~48 |
annealed | 190 | 230 | 26 | – | |
| Common carbon steel | Q195 | not annealed | 260~320 | 315~390 | 28~33 | 195 | |
| Q215 | 270~340 | 335~410 | 26~31 | 215 | |||
| Q235 | 310~380 | 375~460 | 21~26 | 235 | |||
| Q255 | 340~420 | 410~510 | 19~24 | 255 | |||
| Q275 | 400~500 | 490~610 | 15~20 | 275 | |||
| Carbon steel for tools | 08F | annealed | 220~310 | 280~390 | 32 | 180 | |
| 10ºF | 260~360 | 330~450 | 32 | 200 | 190,000 | ||
| 15ºF | 220~340 | 280~420 | 30 | 190 | |||
| 08 | 260~340 | 300~440 | 29 | 210 | 198,000 | ||
| 10 | 250~370 | 320~460 | 28 | – | |||
| 15 | 270~380 | 340~480 | 26 | 280 | 202000 | ||
| 20 | – | 280~400 | 360~510 | 35 | 250 | 21,000 | |
| 25 | 320~440 | 400~550 | 34 | 280 | 202000 | ||
| 30 | 360~480 | 450~600 | 22 | 300 | 201,000 | ||
| 35 | 400~520 | 500~650 | 20 | 320 | 201,000 | ||
| 40 | 420~540 | 520~670 | 18 | 340 | 213500 | ||
| 45 | 440~560 | 550~700 | 16 | 360 | 204,000 | ||
| 50 | standardized | 440~580 | 550~730 | 14 | 380 | 220,000 | |
| 55 | 550 | ≥670 | 43 | 390 | – | ||
| 60 | 550 | ≥700 | 12 | 410 | 208,000 | ||
| 65 | 600 | ≥730 | 10 | 420 | – | ||
| 70 | 600 | ≥760 | 9 | 430 | 210,000 | ||
| T7~T12 T7A~T12A |
annealed | 600 | 750 | 10 | – | – | |
| T8A | cold hardened | 600~950 | 750~1200 | – | – | – | |
| High quality carbon steel | 10 minutes | annealed | 320~460 | 400~580 | 22 | 230 | 211,000 |
| 65 minutes | 600 | 750 | 12 | 400 | 21,000 | ||
| Structural Alloy Steel | 25CrMnSiA 25CrMnSi |
annealed at low temperature | 400~560 | 500~700 | 18 | 950 | – |
| 30CrMnSiA 30CrMnSi |
440~600 | 550~750 | 16 | 1450 850 |
– | ||
| Quality spring steel | 60Si2Mn 60Si2MnA 65SiWA |
annealed at low temperature | 720 | 900 | 10 | 1200 | 200,000 |
| cold hardened | 640~960 | 800~1200 | 10 | 1400 1600 |
– | ||
| Stainless steel | 1Ch13 | annealed | 320~380 | 400~470 | 21 | 420 | 210,000 |
| 2Ch13 | 320~400 | 400~500 | 20 | 450 | 210,000 | ||
| 3Ch13 | 400~480 | 500~600 | 18 | 480 | 210,000 | ||
| 4Ch13 | 400~480 | 500~600 | 15 | 500 | 210,000 | ||
| 1Cr18Ni19 2Cr18Ni19 |
heat treated | 460~520 | 580~640 | 35 | 200 | 200,000 | |
| laminated, cold hardened | 800~880 | 1000~1100 | 38 | 220 | 200,000 | ||
| 1Cr18Ni9Ti | Softened with heat treatment | 430~550 | 540~700 | 40 | 200 | 200,000 |
(2) Steel Shear strength of steel when heated
| Steel Grade | Heating temperature ℃ | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 200 | 500 | 600 | 700 | 800 | 900 | |
| Q195, Q215, 08, 15 | 360 | 320 | 200 | 110 | 60 | 30 |
| Q235, Q255, 20, 25 | 450 | 450 | 240 | 130 | 90 | 60 |
| Q275, 30, 35 | 530 | 520 | 330 | 160 | 90 | 70 |
| 40, 45, 50 | 600 | 580 | 380 | 190 | 90 | 70 |
Note: When determining the shear strength of a material, it is important to take into account the stamping temperature, which is normally 150~200°C lower than the heating temperature.
Table of mechanical properties of non-ferrous metals
| Material | Note | Condition of the material | Shear strength τ (MPa) |
Tensile strength σb (MPa) |
Stretching σs (%) |
Harvest Force δ (MPa) |
Elastic Module E (MPa) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aluminum | 1070A 1050A 1200 |
Annealed | 80 | 75~110 | 25 | 50~80 | 72,000 |
| Cold hardened | 100 | 120~150 | 4 | 120~240 | |||
| Aluminum Manganese Alloys | 3A21 | Annealed | 70~100 | 110~145 | 19 | 50 | 71,000 |
| Semi-cold hardened | 100~140 | 155~200 | 13 | 130 | |||
| Aluminum-magnesium alloy Aluminum-magnesium-copper alloy |
SA02 | Annealed | 130~160 | 180~230 | – | 100 | 70,000 |
| Semi-cold hardened | 160~200 | 230~280 | 210 | ||||
| High strength aluminum-magnesium-copper alloy | 7A04 | Annealed | 170 | 250 | – | – | – |
| Artificially hardened and aged | 350 | 500 | 460 | 70,000 | |||
| Magnesium-manganese alloy | MB1 MB8 |
Annealed | 120~140 | 170~190 | 3~5 | 98 | 43600 |
| Annealed | 170~190 | 220~230 | 12~24 | 140 | 40,000 | ||
| Cold hardened | 190~200 | 240~250 | 8~10 | 160 | |||
| Rigid aluminum | 2Al12 | Annealed | 105~150 | 150~215 | 12 | – | – |
| Hardened with natural aging | 280~310 | 400~440 | 15 | 368 | 72,000 | ||
| Cold hardened after hardening | 280~320 | 400~460 | 10 | 340 | |||
| pure copper | T1 T2 T3 |
Soft | 160 | 200 | 30 | 70 | 108,000 |
| Hard | 240 | 300 | 3 | 380 | 130,000 | ||
| Brass | H62 | Soft | 260 | 300 | 35 | 380 | 100,000 |
| Semi-hard | 300 | 380 | 20 | 200 | – | ||
| Hard | 420 | 420 | 10 | 480 | – | ||
| Brass | H68 | Soft | 240 | 300 | 40 | 100 | 110,000 |
| Semi-hard | 280 | 350 | 25 | – | |||
| Hard | 400 | 400 | 15 | 250 | 115,000 | ||
| Lead brass | HPb59-1 | Soft | 300 | 350 | 25 | 142 | 93,000 |
| Hard | 400 | 450 | 5 | 420 | 105,000 | ||
| Manganese brass | HMn58-2 | Soft | 340 | 390 | 25 | 170 | 100,000 |
| Semi-hard | 400 | 450 | 15 | – | |||
| Hard | 520 | 600 | 5 | ||||
| Tin-phosphor bronze Tin-Zinc-Bronze |
QSn4-4-2.5 QSn4-3 |
Soft | 260 | 300 | 38 | 140 | 100,000 |
| Hard | 480 | 550 | 3~5 | ||||
| Extra-hard | 500 | 650 | 1~2 | 546 | 124,000 | ||
| aluminum bronze | QAl17 | Annealed | 520 | 600 | 10 | 186 | – |
| Not annealed | 560 | 650 | 5 | 250 | 115,000 ~ 130,000 | ||
| Aluminum Manganese Bronze | QAl9-2 | Soft | 360 | 450 | 18 | 300 | 92,000 |
| Hard | 480 | 600 | 5 | 500 | – | ||
| Silicon-manganese bronze | QBi3-1 | Soft | 280~300 | 350~380 | 40~45 | 239 | 120,000 |
| Hard | 480~520 | 600~650 | 3~5 | 540 | – | ||
| Extra-hard | 560~600 | 700~750 | 1~2 | – | – | ||
| Beryllium bronze | QBe2 | Soft | 240~480 | 300~600 | 30 | 250~350 | 117,000 |
| Hard | 520 | 660 | two | 1280 | 132,000 ~ 141,000 | ||
| Cupronickel | B19 | Soft | 240 | 300 | 25 | – | – |
| Hard | 360 | 450 | 3 | ||||
| Nickel silver | BZn15-20 | Soft | 280 | 350 | 35 | 207 | – |
| Hard | 400 | 550 | 1 | 486 | 126,000 ~ 140,000 | ||
| Extra-hard | 520 | 650 | – | ||||
| Nickel | Ni-3～Ni-5 | Soft | 350 | 400 | 35 | 70 | – |
| Hard | 470 | 550 | two | 210 | 210,000 ~ 230,000 | ||
| German silver | BZn15-20 | Soft | 300 | 350 | 35 | – | – |
| Hard | 480 | 550 | 1 | ||||
| Extra-hard | 560 | 650 | 1 | ||||
| Zinc | Zn-3~Zn-6 | – | 120~200 | 140~230 | 40 | 75 | 80,000 ~ 130,000 |
| Lead | Pb-3～Pb-6 | – | 20~30 | 25~40 | 40~50 | 5~10 | 15,000 ~ 17,000 |
| Tin | Sn1～Sn4 | – | 30~40 | 40~50 | – | 12 | 41,500 ~ 55,000 |
| titanium alloy | TA2 | Annealed | 360~480 | 450~600 | 25~30 | – | – |
| TA3 | 440~600 | 550~750 | 20~25 | ||||
| TA5 | 640~680 | 800~850 | 15 | 800~900 | 104,000 | ||
| magnesium alloy | MB1 | cold state | 120~140 | 170~190 | 3~5 | 120 | 40,000 |
| MB8 | 150~180 | 230~240 | 14~15 | 220 | 41,000 | ||
| MB1 | Preheat 300°C | 30~50 | 30~50 | 50~52 | – | 40,000 | |
| MB8 | 50~70 | 50~70 | 58~62 | – | 41,000 | ||
| Silver | – | – | – | 180 | 50 | 30 | 81,000 |
| Fungible alloy | Ni29Co18 | – | 400~500 | 500~600 | – | – | – |
| Copper Constantan | BMn40-1.5 | Soft | – | 400~600 | – | – | – |
| Hard | – | 650 | – | – | – | ||
| Tungsten | – | Annealed | – | 720 | 0 | 700 | 312,000 |
| Not annealed | – | 1491 | 1~4 | 800 | 380,000 | ||
| Molybdenum | – | Annealed | 20~30 | 1400 | 20~25 | 385 | 280,000 |
| Not annealed | 32~34 | 1600 | 2~5 | 595 | 300,000 |
3. Shear strength for various metals
(1) Shear strength for ferrous metals
Here is shear strength information for various metals:
- Industrial Pure Iron for Electricians (DT1, DT2, DT3) : Shear strength – 180 MPa (annealed)
- Electrical Silicon Steel (D11, D12, D21, D31, D32, D370, D310, S41~48) : Shear strength – 190 MPa (annealed)
- Common carbon steel (Q195) : Shear strength – 260~320 MPa (not annealed)
- Common carbon steel (Q215) : Shear strength – 270~340 MPa
- Common carbon steel (Q235) : Shear strength – 310~380 MPa
- Common carbon steel (Q255) : Shear strength – 340~420 MPa
- Common carbon steel (Q275) : Shear strength – 400~500 MPa
- Carbon tool steel (08F) : Shear strength – 220~310 MPa (annealed)
- Carbon tool steel (10F) : Shear strength – 260~360 MPa
- Carbon tool steel (15F) : Shear strength – 220~340 MPa
- Carbon Tool Steel (08) : Shear Strength – 260~340 MPa
- Carbon Tool Steel (10) : Shear Strength – 250~370 MPa
- Carbon Tool Steel (15) : Shear Strength – 270~380 MPa
- Carbon Tool Steel (20) : Shear Strength – 280~400 MPa
- Carbon Tool Steel (25) : Shear Strength – 320~440 MPa
- Carbon Tool Steel (30) : Shear Strength – 360~480 MPa
- Carbon Tool Steel (35) : Shear Strength – 400~520 MPa
- Carbon Tool Steel (40) : Shear Strength – 420~540 MPa
- Carbon Tool Steel (45) : Shear Strength – 440~560 MPa
- Carbon Tool Steel (50) : Shear Strength – 440~580 MPa (Standardized)
- Carbon Tool Steel (55) : Shear Strength – 550 MPa (≥670)
- Carbon Tool Steel (60) : Shear Strength – 600 MPa (≥730)
- Carbon Tool Steel (70) : Shear Strength – 600 MPa (≥760)
- Carbon tool steel (T7~T12, T7A~T12A) : Shear strength – 600 MPa (annealed), 600~950 MPa (cold hardened)
- High Quality Carbon Steel (10Mn) : Shear strength – 320~460 MPa (annealed)
- High Quality Carbon Steel (65Mn) : Shear strength – 600 MPa
- Structural Alloy Steel (25CrMnSiA, 25CrMnSi) : Shear Strength – 400 ~ 560 MPa (Low Temperature Annealed)
- Structural steel alloy (30CrMnSiA, 30CrMnSi) : Shear strength – 440~600 MPa
- Quality spring steel (60Si2Mn, 60Si2MnA, 65SiWAl) : Shear strength – 720 MPa (low temperature annealed), 640 ~ 960 MPa (cold hardening)
- Stainless steel (1Cr13) : Shear strength – 320~380 MPa (annealed)
- Stainless steel (2Cr13) : Shear strength – 320~400 MPa
- Stainless steel (3Cr13) : Shear strength – 400~480 MPa
- Stainless steel (4Cr13) : Shear strength – 400~480 MPa
- Stainless steel (1Cr18Ni19, 2Cr18Ni19) : Shear strength – 460~520 MPa (heat treated), 800~880 MPa (rolled, cold hardened)
- Stainless steel (1Cr18Ni9Ti) : Shear strength – 430 ~ 550 MPa (softened by heat treatment)
(2) Shear strength for non-ferrous metals
Continuing with the shear strength information for non-ferrous metals as listed in the “Metal Mechanical Properties Chart” on MachineMfg.com:
-
Aluminum (1070A, 1050A, 1200) :
- Annealed: Shear strength – 80 MPa
- Cold hardened: Shear strength – 100 MPa
-
Aluminum manganese alloys (3A21) :
- Annealed: Shear strength – 70~100 MPa
- Semi-cold hardened: Shear strength – 100 ~ 140 MPa
-
Aluminum-magnesium-copper alloy (SA02) :
- Annealed: Shear strength – 130~160 MPa
- Semi-cold hardened: Shear strength – 160 ~ 200 MPa
-
High Strength Aluminum-Magnesium-Copper Alloy (7A04) :
- Annealed: Shear strength – 170 MPa
- Artificially hardened and aged: Shear strength – 350 MPa
-
Magnesium-manganese alloy (MB1, MB8) :
- Annealed: Shear strength – 120~140 MPa
- Cold hardened: Shear strength – 190~200 MPa
-
Rigid aluminum (2Al12) :
- Annealed: Shear strength – 105~150 MPa
- Hardened with Natural Aging: Shear Strength – 280~310 MPa
- Cold hardened after hardening: Shear strength – 280 ~ 320 MPa
-
Pure Copper (T1, T2, T3) :
- Smooth: Shear strength – 160 MPa
- Hard: Shear strength – 240 MPa
-
Brass (H62) :
- Smooth: Shear strength – 260 MPa
- Semi-Hard: Shear strength – 300 MPa
- Hard: Shear strength – 420 MPa
-
Brass (H68) :
- Soft: Shear strength – 240 MPa
- Semi-Hard: Shear strength – 280 MPa
- Hard: Shear strength – 400 MPa
-
Lead Brass (HPb59-1) :
- Soft: Shear strength – 300 MPa
- Hard: Shear strength – 400 MPa
-
Manganese Brass (HMn58-2) :
- Smooth: Shear strength – 340 MPa
- Semi-Hard: Shear strength – 400 MPa
- Hard: Shear strength – 520 MPa
-
Tin-Phosphorus Bronze (QSn4-4-2.5, QSn4-3) :
- Smooth: Shear strength – 260 MPa
- Hard: Shear strength – 480 MPa
- Extra-Hard: Shear strength – 500 MPa
-
Aluminum Bronze (QAl17) :
- Annealed: Shear strength – 520 MPa
- Unannealed: Shear strength – 560 MPa
-
Aluminum Manganese Bronze (QAl9-2) :
- Smooth: Shear strength – 360 MPa
- Hard: Shear strength – 480 MPa
-
Silicon-Manganese Bronze (QBi3-1) :
- Soft: Shear strength – 280~300 MPa
- Hard: Shear strength – 480~520 MPa
- Extra-Hard: Shear strength – 560~600 MPa
-
Beryllium bronze (QBe2) :
- Soft: Shear strength – 240~480 MPa
- Hard: Shear strength – 520 MPa
-
Cupro-Nickel (B19) :
- Soft: Shear strength – 240 MPa
- Hard: Shear strength – 360 MPa
-
Nickel Silver (BZn15-20) :
- Smooth: Shear strength – 280 MPa
- Hard: Shear strength – 400 MPa
- Extra-Hard: Shear strength – 520 MPa
-
German Silver (BZn15-20) :
- Soft: Shear strength – 300 MPa
- Hard: Shear strength – 480 MPa
- Extra-Hard: Shear strength – 560 MPa
-
Zinc (Zn-3 to Zn-6) :
- Shear strength – 120~200 MPa
-
Lead (Pb-3 to Pb-6) :
- Shear strength – 20~30 MPa
-
Tin (Sn1 to Sn4) :
- Shear strength – 30~40 MPa
-
Titanium alloy (TA2) :
- Annealed: Shear strength – 360~480 MPa
-
Titanium alloy (TA3) :
- Shear strength – 440~600 MPa
-
Titanium alloy (TA5) :
- Shear strength – 640~680 MPa
-
Magnesium alloy (MB1, MB8 in cold state) :
- MB1: Shear strength – 120~140 MPa
- MB8: Shear strength – 150~180 MPa
-
Magnesium alloy (MB1, MB8 preheated to 300°C) :
- MB1: Shear strength – 30~50 MPa
- MB8: Shear strength – 50~70 MPa
-
Silver :
- Shear strength – 180 MPa
-
Fungible alloy (Ni29Co18) :
- Shear strength – 400~500 MPa
-
Constantan Copper (BMn40-1.5) :
- Soft: Shear strength – 400~600 MPa
- Hard: Shear strength – 650 MPa
-
Tungsten :
- Annealed: Shear strength – 720 MPa
- Unannealed: Shear strength – 1491 MPa
-
Molybdenum :
- Annealed: Shear strength – 20~30 MPa
- Unannealed: Shear strength – 32~34 MPa
This comprehensive list covers a wide range of metals, providing essential information for applications where shear strength is a critical factor. This information is crucial for engineers and designers in selecting appropriate materials for various applications based on shear strength requirements.
What are the international standards for testing the shear strength of steel?
International standards for steel shear strength testing encompass the ASTM and ISO series. In the United States, there are several ASTM standards used to measure shear strength, including ASTMB831, D732, D4255, D5379, and D7078. Internationally, ISO shear strength testing standards include ISO3597, 12579, and 14130. Additionally, there is the ISO 10123 standard, which is specific to steel.
Therefore, the main international standards for testing the shear strength of steel are the relevant ones in the ASTM and ISO series.
What are the differences in shear strength between different types of steel (such as 45# steel, Q235 steel) in practical applications and what causes these differences?
The differences in shear strength between 45# steel and Q235 steel in practical applications and their causes mainly reflect on their chemical compositions, mechanical properties and applicable scenarios.
Firstly, in terms of chemical composition, Q235 steel is a low carbon steel, with a carbon content of around 0.2%, while 45# steel is a medium carbon steel, with a carbon content of approximately 0. 45%. These differences in chemical composition lead to variations in the performance of the two types of steel.
Secondly, regarding mechanical properties, the yield strength of Q235 steel is about 235MPa, while that of 45# steel is higher, reaching 355MPa. This indicates that 45# steel has a greater ability to resist small plastic deformations, which means it has greater strength and hardness. Furthermore, the allowable shear stress of Q235 steel is 98MPa, while the shear strength range of Q235 material is 141 to 188 MPa, further demonstrating the relatively weaker shear performance of Q235 steel.
Finally, because 45# steel can increase its strength and hardness after quenching heat treatment, it is more suitable for scenarios that require high load-bearing capacity and good wear resistance, such as manufacturing mechanical parts. In contrast, due to its higher plasticity and lower strength, Q235 steel is more suitable for drawing, rolling processing, such as making profiles, plates, etc.
