1. Classification and league codes
The alloy codes are made up of the Chinese pinyin letters “ZL” which represent molten aluminum, followed by three Arabic numerals.
The first numeral after “ZL” denotes the alloy series, with 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively representing the aluminum-silicon, aluminum-copper, aluminum-magnesium and aluminum-zinc alloy series.
The second and third numbers after “ZL” indicate the league sequence number.
High quality alloys are indicated with an “A” after their code.
| Alloy Types | Al-Si System | Al-Cu System | Al-Mg System | Al-Zn System |
| League designations | ZL1XX | ZL2XX | ZL3XX | ZL4XX |
2. Alloy casting methods and modification treatment codes
| Code | Title | Code | Title |
| s | Sand Casting | K | Shell molding casting |
| J. | Pressure casting | s | Pressure casting |
| R | Investment Casting | B | Heat treatment |
3. Features, types and heat treatment status of triple alloy
| Heat Treatment Condition Code | Categories of heat treatment conditions | Characteristics |
| F | Launch condition | —— |
| T1 | Artificial Aging | For wet sand molds, metal molds, and particularly pressure castings, partial solid solution effects are observed due to the rapid cooling rate. Aging treatment can increase strength and hardness and improve machinability. |
| T2 | girdling | Eliminate stress generated in the casting process to increase dimensional stability and improve alloy plasticity. |
| T4 | Natural Aging Heat Treatment Solution | By implementing solution strengthening through heating, insulation and rapid cooling, we can improve the mechanical properties of alloys, particularly improving the alloy's ductility and its corrosion resistance at room temperature conditions. |
| T5 | Partial Artificial Aging Heat Treatment Solution | After the solution treatment, an incomplete artificial aging process is carried out, which is carried out at lower temperatures or for shorter periods. The objective is to further increase the resistance and hardness of the alloy. |
| T6 | Complete Artificial Aging Heat Treatment Solution | Higher tensile strength can be achieved, although at the cost of reduced ductility. Aging is carried out at high temperatures or over a long period of time. |
| T7 | Solution heat treatment with stabilization treatment | Improving the structural and dimensional stability of castings, as well as the corrosion resistance of the alloy. Mainly used for components operating at elevated temperatures, the stabilization treatment temperature can approach the working temperature of the casting. |
| T8 | Solution heat treatment with softening treatment | After solution treatment, castings with high plasticity and excellent dimensional stability are obtained using temperatures above the stabilization treatment. |
| T9 | Cold and hot cycle treatment | Completely eliminate internal stress on castings and stabilize dimensions. Used for high precision castings. |
4. Types of cast aluminum alloy
ZL101
ZL101 is known for its simple composition, easy melting and casting, good casting performance, good air tightness and relatively good welding and cutting processing performance, but its mechanical properties are not high.
It is suitable for casting various parts with thin walls, large areas, complex shapes and low strength requirements, such as pump casings, gear boxes, instrument casings (structures) and household appliance parts. It is mainly produced by sand casting and metal casting.
Zl101A
Adding a small amount of Ti to ZL101 refines the grain and strengthens the alloy structure, resulting in comprehensive properties superior to those of ZL101 and ZL102, as well as good corrosion resistance.
It can be used as high-quality castings for general load-bearing structural components in engineering, as well as various structural components in motorcycles, automobiles, household appliances and instrument products. Its use is currently second only to the ZL102. Sand casting and metal casting are commonly used for production.
Zl102
The main characteristic of this alloy is good fluidity, with other properties similar to ZL101, but with better tightness than ZL101.
It can be used to cast various complex-shaped thin-walled pressure castings and low-strength, large-area, complex-shaped sand or thin-walled castings. Whether it is die casting or metal/sand casting, it is the most commonly used aluminum alloy in civil products.
Zl104
Due to its large number of working crystals and the addition of Mn, which neutralizes the harmful effects of Fe mixed into the material, this alloy has good casting performance, excellent air tightness, corrosion resistance and relatively good welding processing performance. and cut.
However, its heat resistance is poor.
It is suitable for the production of large-sized and complex-shaped dynamic structural parts with large loads, such as turbocharger casings, cylinder heads, cylinder liners and other parts. It is mainly produced by pressure casting, but sand casting and metal casting are also commonly used.
Zl105 , ZL105A
Due to the addition of Cu and the reduction of Si content, the casting and welding performance of this alloy is worse than ZL104, but its room temperature, high temperature resistance and cutting processing performance are better than ZL104, with plasticity slightly smaller and less corrosion resistance. .
It is suitable for use as complex-shaped, large-sized and highly loaded dynamic structural components such as turbocharger casings, cylinder heads, cylinder liners and other parts.
ZL105A reduces the impurity element Fe content of ZL105 and increases the strength of the alloy, resulting in better mechanical properties than ZL105. High quality castings are commonly used for production.
ZL106
The addition of a small amount of Ti and Mn, as well as increasing the Si content, improves the casting and high temperature performance of this alloy, making it better than ZL105 in terms of air tightness and corrosion resistance.
They can be used as structural components for general loads and parts that require good tightness and work at higher temperatures. Sand casting and metal casting are mainly used for production.
ZL107
ZL107 has excellent casting and air-tightness performance, good mechanical properties, average welding and cutting processing performance, and slightly lower corrosion resistance.
It is suitable for the production of structural components that support general dynamic or static loads and parts that require air tightness. Sand casting is commonly used for production.
ZL108
Due to its high Si content and the addition of Mg, Cu and Mn, ZL108 has excellent casting performance, a small coefficient of thermal expansion, good wear resistance, high strength and good heat resistance. However, it has slightly lower corrosion resistance.
It is suitable for the production of pistons for internal combustion engines and other parts requiring wear resistance, as well as parts requiring stable dimensions and volumes. It is mainly produced by pressure casting and metal casting, but sand casting can also be used.
ZL109
This is a complex Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Ni alloy, with higher Si content and added Ni to provide excellent casting performance and air tightness, as well as high temperature resistance, better wear resistance and weather resistance. corrosion. . The coefficient of linear expansion and density are also significantly reduced.
It is suitable for the production of pistons for internal combustion engines and parts requiring wear resistance and stable dimensions and volumes. Metal casting and sand casting are mainly used for production.
ZL111
ZL111 is a complex alloy with added Mn and Ti, providing excellent casting performance, good corrosion resistance, air tightness and high strength. Its welding and cutting processing performance is average.
It is suitable for casting complex-shaped and highly loaded dynamic structural components (such as aircraft engine components, water pumps, oil pumps, impellers, etc.) and parts that require good air tightness and work at higher temperatures. Metal casting and sand casting are mainly used for production, but pressure casting can also be used.
ZL114A
ZL114A is a complex alloy with added Mn and Ti, providing excellent casting performance, good corrosion resistance, air tightness and high strength. Its welding and cutting processing performance is average.
It is suitable for casting complex-shaped and heavily loaded dynamic structural components (such as aircraft engine components, water pumps, oil pumps, impellers, etc.) and parts that require good air tightness and work at higher temperatures. Metal casting and sand casting are mainly used for production, but pressure casting can also be used.
ZL115
ZL115 has good casting performance and high mechanical properties, mainly used as heavy-duty engineering structural components and other parts such as valve housings and impellers. Sand casting and metal casting are mainly used for production.
ZL116
ZL116 is a complex Al-Cu-Mg alloy with removal of Zn and Sb from ZL115 and addition of trace elements Ti and Be. The alloy grain is refined and the harmful effects of Fe impurities are reduced, providing good casting performance and air tightness as well as high mechanical properties.
It is suitable for casting dynamic structural components that bear large loads, such as aircraft and missile parts, and various parts with good comprehensive properties in civil products. Sand casting and metal casting are mainly used for production.
ZL11 7
ZL117 is a complex Al-Cu-Mg alloy with hypereutectic structure and high Si content of 19-22%, with addition of trace element Mn and rare earth element RE. It has excellent casting performance, good room temperature and high temperature resistance, low thermal expansion coefficient, and is a high-level wear-resistant material consisting of many hard primary Si particles distributed in a soft matrix.
It is suitable for casting pistons for internal combustion engines, brake pads and other wear-resistant parts with stable dimensions and volumes, as well as high-strength structural components. Metal casting is mainly used for production, but sand casting can also be used.
In addition, the Aviation Industry Corporation of China has also developed three aluminum-silicon alloys (ZL112Y, ZL113Y and ZL117Y). ZL112Y and ZL113Y are Al-Si-Cu die casting alloys, both with good casting performance, air tightness and high mechanical properties, suitable for casting parts requiring high strength and working temperatures and good air tightness, as well like other wear and tear. strong parts, such as pistons, with stable dimensions, volume and good heat transfer performance.
Die casting is mainly used for production, but sand casting and metal casting can also be used. Unlike ZL108, the Si content is reduced and the Cu content that improves solid solution strengthening and precipitation hardening is increased, resulting in better room temperature and high temperature performance than ZL108.
ZL201
ZL201 has good room temperature and high temperature mechanical properties, moderate plasticity, average welding and cutting processing performance, low fluidity with tendency to hot cracking, and low corrosion resistance.
It is suitable for casting structural components that work at relatively high temperatures (200-300°C) or parts that support large dynamic or static loads at room temperature, as well as parts that work at low temperatures (-70°C). Sand casting is mainly used for production.
ZL201A
ZL201A greatly reduces the content of Fe and Si impurities compared with ZL201, resulting in higher ambient temperature and high temperature mechanical properties. It has good cutting and welding performance, but poor casting performance.
It can be used for parts that operate at 300°C or that support large dynamic or static loads at room temperature. Sand casting is mainly used for production.
ZL202
ZL202 has relatively good casting performance and high temperature resistance, hardness and wear resistance, but poor corrosion resistance.
It is suitable for casting parts that work at a temperature of 250°C and support small loads, such as cylinder heads. Sand casting and metal casting are mainly used for production.
ZL203
ZL203 has a lower Si content, which results in slightly lower fluidity, greater tendency to hot cracking and lower corrosion resistance. However, it has good high temperature resistance, welding and cutting processing performance.
It is suitable for casting parts that work at temperatures below 250℃ and bear small loads or parts that bear large loads at room temperature, such as instrument parts and crankcase bodies. Sand casting and low pressure casting are mainly used for production.
ZL204A
ZL204A is a high-purity and high-strength fused Al-Cu alloy, with good plasticity and welding and cutting processing performance, but poor casting performance.
It is suitable for casting structural components that support large loads, such as support bases and support arms. Sand casting and low pressure casting are mainly used for production.
ZL205A
ZL205A is currently the strongest aluminum alloy in use in the world. It has good plasticity and corrosion resistance, excellent cutting and welding performance, but poor casting performance.
It is suitable for casting structural components that support large loads and some parts with low tightness requirements. Sand casting, low pressure casting and metal casting can be used.
ZL207
ZL207 has very high high temperature resistance with average casting performance, welding and cutting processing performance and low ambient temperature resistance.
It is suitable for casting various structural components that work below 400℃, such as valve casings in aircraft engines and some heat-resistant components in the petroleum industry. Sand casting and low pressure casting are mainly used for production.
ZL209
ZL209 has higher tensile strength, yield point and high temperature resistance than ZL201A with good welding and cutting processing performance but poor casting and stretching performance.
It is suitable for casting various wear-resistant components that operate at higher temperatures, such as internal combustion engine parts. Sand casting is mainly used for production.
ZL301
ZL301 is the most corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy currently available, with good cutting processing performance, relatively good welding performance, high strength, good anodizing performance, but complex casting process, complicated operation, and easy-to-produce defects such as looseness and hot cracking.
It is suitable for casting various parts with large loads in corrosive media such as seawater working at a temperature of 150℃, such as various components in marine vessels, pump casings, impellers, structures in the petroleum industry. Sand casting is mainly used for production.
ZL303
ZL303 has better high temperature resistance than ZL301, good corrosion resistance (a little worse than ZL301), excellent cutting processing performance, good welding performance, better casting performance than ZL301, cannot be heat treated, resulting in properties much lower mechanics than ZL301.
It is suitable for casting parts such as aircraft engines, missiles, internal combustion engines, chemical pumps, oil pumps, petrochemical gas pump casings, rotors, blades that support medium loads in corrosive media such as sea water, chemical industry and gas. Pressure casting and sand casting are mainly used.
ZL305
ZL305 has better casting performance and more stable fabric after natural aging than ZL301 and ZL303 due to the addition of Zn and the reduction of Mg content. The tendency to form looseness and hot cracks is small due to the addition of trace elements Ti and Be, resulting in good comprehensive properties and strong resistance to stress corrosion cracking.
However, its mechanical properties at high temperatures are poor. It is suitable for casting parts that bear large loads and work in corrosive media such as seawater, chemicals and gases below 100℃, such as aircraft, internal combustion engines, chemical pumps, oil pumps, petrochemical gas pump casings , rotors, blades. Sand casting is mainly used for production.
ZL401
ZL401 has excellent casting performance, a small tendency to shrinkage and hot cracking, high mechanical properties, good welding and cutting processing performance, but high specific gravity, low plasticity and low corrosion resistance.
It is mainly used for die casting and casting molds, jigs and structural components in aircraft, internal combustion engines, vehicles and other products working at temperatures not exceeding 200℃ and bearing medium loads. Die casting, sand casting and metal casting can be used.
5. Chemical Composition of Aluminum Alloys for Pressure Casting
| League Series | Country | Alloy grade | BM/% | Standard Specifications | ||||
| Yes | Ass | mg | Faith | Al | ||||
| AI-Si Series | China | YL102 | 10.0-13.0 | <0.6 | <0.05 | <1.2 | Allowance | GB/T15115-94 |
| Japan | ADC1 | 11.0-13.0 | <1.0 | <0.30 | <1.2 | JISH5302-82 | ||
| America | 413 | 11.0-13.0 | <1.0 | <0.35 | <2.0 | ASTMB85-82 | ||
| Russia | AJ12 | 10.0-13.0 | <0.6 | <0.10 | <1.5 | TOCT2685-82 | ||
| Germany | AlSil2 | 11.0-13.5 | <0.10 | <0.05 | <1.0 | DIN1725 | ||
| AI-Si-Mg Series | China | YL104 | 8.0-10.5 | <0.30 | 0.17-0.30 | <1.0 | Allowance | GB/T15115-94 |
| Japan | ADC3 | 9.0-10.0 | <0.60 | 0.40-0.60 | <1.3 | JISH5302-82 | ||
| America | 360 | 9.0-10.0 | <0.60 | 0.40-0.60 | <2.0 | ASTMB85-82 | ||
| Russia | AJl4 | 8.0-10.5 | <0.10 | 0.17-0.30 | <1.0 | TOCT2685-82 | ||
| Germany | AlSil0Mg | 9.0-11.0 | <0.10 | 0.20-0.50 | <1.0 | DIN1725 | ||
| AI-Si-Cuseries Series | China | YL112 | 7.5-9.5 | 3.0-4.0 | <0.30 | <1.2 | Allowance | GB/T15115-94 |
| YL113 | 9.6-12.0 | 1.5-3.5 | <0.30 | <1.2 | ||||
| Japan | ADC10 | 7.5-9.5 | 2.0-4.0 | <0.30 | <1.3 | JISH5302-82 | ||
| ADC12 | 9.6-12.0 | 1.5-3.5 | <0.30 | <1.3 | ||||
| America | 380 | 7.5-9.5 | 3.0-4.0 | <0.10 | <1.3 | ASTMB85-82 | ||
| 383 | 9.5-11.5 | 2.0-3.0 | <0.10 | <1.3 | ||||
| Russia | AJl6 | 4.5-6.0 | 2.0-3.0 | <0.10 | <1.5 | TOCT2685-82 | ||
| Germany | AlSi8Cu3 | 7.5-9.5 | 2.0-3.5 | <0.30 | <1.3 | DIN1725 | ||
| AI-Mg Series | China | YL302 | 0.80-1.30 | <0.10 | 4.5-5.5 | <1.2 | Allowance | GB/T15115-94 |
| Japan | ADC5 | <0.30 | <0.20 | 4.0-8.5 | <1.8 | JISH5302-82 | ||
| America | 518 | <0.35 | <0.25 | 7.5-8.5 | <1.8 | ASTMB85-82 | ||
| Russia | AlMg9 | <0.50 | <0.05 | 7.0-10.0 | <1.0 | DIN1725 | ||
6. Mechanical properties of aluminum-silicon series cast alloys table
(GB/T 1173-2013)
| Alloy grade | League code | Casting method | League condition | Tensile strength Rm/MPa | Elongation Rate A/% | Brinell hardness HBW. |
| ≥ | ||||||
| ZAlSi7Mg | ZLl01 | S、R、J、K | F | 155 | two | 50 |
| S、R、J、K | T2 | 135 | two | 45 | ||
| J.B. | T4 | 185 | 4 | 50 | ||
| S、R、K | T4 | 175 | 4 | 50 | ||
| J,JB | T5 | 205 | two | 60 | ||
| S、R、K | T5 | 195 | two | 60 | ||
| SB,RB,KB | T5 | 195 | two | 60 | ||
| SB,RB,KB | T6 | 225 | 1 | 70 | ||
| SB,RB,KB | T7 | 195 | two | 60 | ||
| SB,RB,KB | T8 | 155 | 3 | 55 | ||
| ZAlSi7MgA | ZL101A | S、R、K | T4 | 195 | 5 | 60 |
| J,JB | T4 | 225 | 5 | 60 | ||
| S、R、K | T5 | 235 | 4 | 70 | ||
| SB,RB,KB | T5 | 235 | 4 | 70 | ||
| JB,J | T5 | 265 | 4 | |||
| SB,RB,KB | T6 | 275 | two | 80 | ||
| JB,J | T6 | 295 | 3 | 80 | ||
| ZAlSi12 | ZL102 | SB,JB,RB,KB | F | 145 | 4 | 50 |
| J. | F | 155 | two | 50 | ||
| SB,JB,RB,KB | T2 | 135 | 4 | 50 | ||
| J. | T2 | 145 | 3 | 50 | ||
| ZAlSi9Mg | ZL104 | S、R、J、K | F | 150 | two | 50 |
| J. | T1 | 200 | 65 | |||
| SB,RB,KB | T1 | 230 | two | 70 | ||
| J,JB | T6 | 240 | two | 70 | ||
| ZAlSi5Cu1Mg | ZL105 | S、J、R、K | T1 | 155 | 65 | |
| S、R、K | T5 | 215 | 1 | 70 | ||
| J. | T5 | 235 | 70 | |||
| S、R、K | T6 | 225 | 70 | |||
| S、J、R、K | T7 | 175 | 1 | 65 | ||
| ZAlSi5Cu1MgA | ZL105A | SB、R、K | T5 | 275 | 1 | 80 |
| J,JB | T5 | 295 | two | 80 | ||
7. Mechanical property table of other series cast aluminum alloy
(GB/T 1173-2013)
| Alloy type | Alloy grade | League code | Casting method | League State | Tensile strength Rm/MPa | Elongation Rate A/% | Brinell hardness HBW. |
| ≥ | |||||||
| Al-CuAlloy | ZAlCu5Mg | ZL201 | S、J、R、K | T4 | 295 | 8 | 70 |
| S、J、R、K | T5 | 335 | 4 | 90 | |||
| s | T7 | 315 | two | 80 | |||
| ZAlCu5MgA | ZL201A | S、J、R、K | T5 | 390 | 8 | 100 | |
| ZAlCul0 | ZL202 | S、J | F | 104 | – | 50 | |
| S、J | T6 | 163 | – | 100 | |||
| ZAlCu4 | ZL203 | S、R、K | T4 | 195 | 6 | 60 | |
| J. | T4 | 205 | 6 | 60 | |||
| S、R、K | T5 | 215 | 3 | 70 | |||
| J. | T5 | 225 | 3 | 70 | |||
| ZAlCu5MnCdA | ZL204A | s | T5 | 440 | 4 | 100 | |
| ZAlCu5MnCdVA | ZL205A | s | T5 | 440 | 7 | 100 | |
| s | T6 | 470 | 3 | 120 | |||
| s | T7 | 460 | two | 110 | |||
| ZAlR5Cu3Si2 | ZL207 | s | T1 | 165 | – | 75 | |
| J. | T1 | 175 | – | 75 | |||
| Al-MgAlloy | ZAlMgl0 | ZL301 | S、J、R | T4 | 280 | 9 | 60 |
| ZAlMg5Si | ZL303 | S、J、R、K | F | 143 | 1 | 55 | |
| ZAlMg8Znl | ZL305 | s | T4 | 290 | 8 | 90 | |
| Al-Zn League | ZAlZn11Si7 | ZL401 | S、R、K | T1 | 195 | two | 80 |
| J. | T1 | 245 | 90 | ||||
| ZAlZn6Mg | ZL402 | J. | T1 | 235 | 4 | 70 | |
| s | T1 | 220 | 4 | 65 | |||
