Steel use temperature range
| Steel Grade | Steel Standards | Temperature range for use of pressure components and main load-bearing components (℃) | Upper limit of antioxidant temperature (℃) | ||
| Plate | pipe | Forging | |||
| A3F | GB3274 (GB700） |
– | – | (1) | 530 |
| A3 | GB3274 (GB700) |
– | – | (two) | 530 |
| 20R | GB6654 | – | – | ≤475 | – |
| 20g | GB713 | – | – | ≤475 | – |
| 10 | GB711 (GB699) |
GB8163 GB9948 GB3087 GB6479 |
– | ≤475 | 530 |
| 20 | GB711 (GB699) |
GB8163 GB9948 GB3087 GB6479 GB5310 |
JB755 Appendix A to this standard | ≤475 | 530 |
| 25 | – | – | JB755 Appendix A to this standard | ≤475 | 530 |
| 35 | – | – | JB755 Appendix A to this standard | ≤475 | 530 |
| 45 | – | – | JB755 | 475 | 530 |
| 16MnRC,15MnVRC | GB6655 | – | 400 | ||
| 16 minutes | GB3274 (GB1591) |
– | (3) | – | |
| GB6479 GB8163 |
JB755 Appendix A to this standard | ≤475 | – | ||
| 16MnR | GB6654 | JB755 | ≤475 | – | |
| 15MnVR | GB6654 | GB6479 | ≤400 | – | |
| 15MnVNR | GB6654 | – | – | ≤400 | – |
| 18MNMoNbR | GB6654 | – | – | 0-450 (normalization+tempering); 450 quenching and tempering | – |
| 20MnMo | – | – | JB755 Appendix A to this standard | ≤500 | – |
| 20MnMoNb | – | – | JB755 Appendix A to this standard | ≤450 | – |
| 15MnMoV | – | – | JB755 Appendix A to this standard | ≤520 | – |
| 32MnMoVB | – | – | JB755 Appendix A to this standard | 0~350 | – |
| 35CrMo | – | – | JB755 Appendix A to this standard | ≤540 | – |
| 16 months | (4) | (4) | ≤520（5） | – | |
| 12CrMo | (4) | GB9948 GB5310 GB6479 |
≤540 | – | |
| 15CrMo | (4) | GB9948 GB5310 GB6479 |
JB755 Appendix A to this standard | ≤560 | – |
| 12 Cr 1 MoV | – | GB5310 | JB755 Appendix A to this standard | ≤580 | – |
| 12 Chr 2 Mo 1 | (4) | GB9948 GB5310 GB6479 |
JB755 Appendix A to this standard | ≤580 | 600 |
| 1Ch 5 Mo | GB1221（4） | GB9948 GB6479 |
JB755 Appendix A to this standard | ≤600 | 650 |
| 10MoWVNb | GB6479 | ≤580 | 600 | ||
| 0Cr 13 | GB4237（4） | GB2270 | JB755 Appendix A to this standard | 0~400 | 750 |
| 00Cr 19 No 11 00Cr 17 No 14 Mo 2 00Cr 17 No 13 Mo 3 |
GB4237 | GB2270 | JB755 Appendix A to this standard | ≤425（3） | – |
| 0Cr 19 No 9 1Ch 18 No 9 Ti 0Cr 18 No 11 Ti 0Cr 18 No 12 Mo 2 Ti 0Cr 18 No 12 Mo 3 Ti |
GB4237 | GB2270 GB5310 | JB755 Appendix A and B of this standard | ≤700 | 850 |
| 0CR 23 No 13 | GB2270 | ≤900 | 1100 | ||
| INCOLOY800 | (4) | (4) | ≤850 | 1000 | |
| 1Ch 25 Not 20 | – | – | Appendix B of this standard | ≤900 | 1200 |
Observation:
1. The use restrictions of A3F steel plate are as follows:
(1) shall not be used for components pressurized with extremely hazardous, highly hazardous or explosive media;
(2) the use temperature is 0 ~ 250 ℃;
(3) design pressure ≤0.6MPa;
(4) vessel volume ≤10m3;
(5) for pressurized main components (shell, formed head), plate thickness ≤12mm; for flanges, flange covers, etc., plate thickness ≤16mm.
2. The use restrictions of A3 steel plate are as follows:
(1) shall not be used for components pressurized with extremely hazardous, highly hazardous or liquefied petroleum gas media;
(2) vessel volume ≤10m3;
(3) for pressurized main components (shell, formed head): use temperature 0~350°C; design pressure ≤1.0MPa; plate thickness ≤16mm;
(4) for flanges, flange covers, pipe plates and similar pressurized components: use temperature >-20~350°C; design pressure ≤4.0MPa; P×Di≤2000 (D is the nominal diameter in mm; P is the design pressure in MPa).
When the use temperature is <0 ℃ (but > -20 ℃) and the thickness of the plate is ≥30 mm, the room temperature impact resistance of the steel plate (V-shaped longitudinal Charpy samples, average value of three samples per group) must not be less than 27J.
3. The usage restrictions for 16Mn steel plate are as follows:
(1) steel plates without further inspection or assurance of ambient temperature impact resistance requirements shall not be used for the main pressurized components of pressure vessels;
(2) when used for flanges, flange covers, pipe plates and similar pressurized components, the usage restrictions are the same as for A3 steel;
(3) after inspection or re-inspection, if the impact resistance at room temperature is guaranteed (longitudinal V-shaped Charpy samples, average value of three samples per group) not less than 27J, it can be used as the main pressurized component of vessel pressure, and the restrictions on use are as follows: a. design temperature 0~350℃; B. design pressure ≤2.5MPa; w. plate thickness ≤30mm.
4. There is currently no steel plate or steel tube standard for 16Mo and INCOLOY 800, and there is no steel plate standard for 12CrMo, 15CrMo, 12Cr2Mo1 and 1Cr5Mo. The design may refer to corresponding foreign steel standards.
5. When the long-term use temperature of 16Mo exceeds 475°C, the influence of graphitization tendency must be considered. Therefore, pressurized components with a cumulative usage time of more than 4 years must be checked for graphitization.
6. The long-term use temperature of ultra-low carbon austenitic stainless steel exceeding 425 ℃ will result in the precipitation of chromium carbide at the grain boundaries, leading to the loss of resistance to intergranular corrosion.
7. Ferritic stainless steel plates (excluding composite plates) with nominal chromium content ≥13% shall not be used as main pressurized components of pressure vessels with design pressure ≥0.25MPa and wall thickness >6mm.
8. The minimum temperature indicated in the table is the applicable lower limit temperature value of this standard (> -20°C).
9. The “maximum oxidation temperature” in the table is only applicable to non-voltage and low-voltage components.
Source: Project Code HGJ15-89 for Material Selection of Steel Chemical Vessels of the Ministry of Chemical Industry of the People's Republic of China.
Heat Resistant Stainless Steel Usage Temperature
| Steel Grade | Intermittent use ℃ |
Continuous use ℃ |
Purpose |
| 0Cr25Ni20 （310S） |
1150 | Various components used in the manufacture of heating furnaces. | |
| 1Cr25Ni20Si2 （314） |
925 | 980 | Used to manufacture various heating furnace components, such as high-temperature furnace tubes, radiation tubes, heating furnace rollers, and combustion chamber components for ammonia synthesis equipment. |
| 1Cr20Ni14Si2 | 980 | 1095 | Used in the manufacture of boiler supports and heating furnace components. |
| 0Cr23Ni13（309S） | 1035 | 1150 | Produce various heat-resistant components that work in the range of 850 ~ 1050 ℃, such as furnace supports, conveyor belts, annealing furnace covers, thermal cracking tubes, etc. |
| 253MA （S30815） |
1035 | 1150 | Cyclone separator for sulfur circulating bed of supercritical power generation boiler. |
| 0Cr13Al （405） |
815 | 705 | Used to manufacture components that require high toughness after being subjected to impact loads, such as steam turbine blades, structures, etc. |
| 1Cr11MoV | 870 | 925 | |
| 00Cr13Ni5Mo3N | 870 | 925 | |
| 2308 | 1035 | 1150 |
