Riveting refers to the process of using rivets to connect two or more workpieces, typically sheet metal parts or components. Riveting can be classified into riveting riveting, tension riveting and core riveting.
1. Rivet Rivet
In riveting, the component that deforms or uses a press-fit connection with the riveted parts is called a rivet. There are many types of rivets, including semi-round head rivets, flat head rivets, semi-hollow rivets, solid rivets and countersunk rivets.
Cold riveting is generally used for rivets <8mm, and hot riveting is used for rivets ≥8mm. Rivet parameters and riveting requirements are detailed in most mechanical design manuals, so they will not be discussed here.
The process of riveting rivets includes: drilling – (grooving) – deburring – inserting rivets – die holding the rivet – rotary rivet machine forming (or hand tightening).
2. Pull Riveting
Pull riveting refers to the process of using a pull rivet to connect two components with through holes by pulling the pull rod until it breaks with a pull rivet gun, causing the pull rivet sleeve to expand and become a non-detachable connection.
1) Pull rivets, also known as core pull rivets, are a type of rivet used for one-sided riveting. Pull rivets require special tools such as a pull rivet gun (manual, electric or pneumatic) for riveting. This type of rivet is especially suitable for situations where ordinary rivets (which require riveting on both sides) are inconvenient.
Therefore, they are widely used in products such as ships, planes, machines and electrical appliances. The most widely used are open type shoulder round head pull rivets, countersunk pull rivets suitable for surfaces requiring smooth riveting, and sealed pull rivets suitable for high load riveting situations and certain sealing performance situations. When using pull rivets, please note that:
A) When riveting flat head pull rivets, the side in contact with the rivet head must be countersunk.
B) When riveting round head pull rivets, the side in contact with the rivet head must be flat.
2) For tension riveting parameters, see Table 9-17.
Table 9-17 Tensile Riveting Parameters
| Rivet type | Nominal rivet diameter (mm) |
Steel plate rivet hole diameter (mm) |
Length (mm) |
Riveted steel plate thickness /mm |
|
| Umbrella-shaped | Flat head | ||||
| aluminum rivet | 2.4 | 2.5 | 5.7 | 1.0-3.2 | 1.6~3.2 |
| 7.3 | 3.2-4.8 | 3.2-4.8 | |||
| 8.9 | 4.8-6.4 | 4.8~6.4 | |||
| 3.0 | 3.1 | 6.3 | 1.0~3.2 | 1.6~3.2 | |
| 8.0 | 3.2~4.8 | 3.2-4.8 | |||
| 9.8 | 4.8~6.4 | 4.8~6.4 | |||
| 3.2 | 3.3 | 6.3 | 1.6-3.2 | 1.6-3.2 | |
| 8.0 | 3.2-4.8 | 3.2-4.8 | |||
| 9.8 | 4.8~6.4 | 4.8-6.4 | |||
| 4.0 | 4.1 | 6.9 | 1.6~3.2 | 1.6-3.2 | |
| 8.6 | 3.2-4.8 | 3.2-4.8 | |||
| 10.4 | 4.8-6.4 | 4.8-6.4 | |||
| 4.8 | 4.9 | 7.5 | 1.6-3.2 | 2.3~3.2 | |
| 9.3 | 3.2-4.8 | 3.2-4.8 | |||
| 11.1 | 4.8~6.4 | 4.8~6.4 | |||
| steel rivet | 3.2 | 3.3 | 6.4 | 1.0~3.2 | |
| 9.5 | 3.2~6.4 | ||||
| 4.0 | 4.1 | 10.2 | 3.2~6.4 | ||
| 4.8 | 4.9 | 10.8 | 3.2-6.4 | ||
Observation:
1. Generally, the through hole of a part is 0.1 ~ 0.2mm larger than the nominal diameter of the blind rivet.
2. Blind rivets can be darkened or otherwise treated to meet product requirements, allowing them to match the color of the workpiece.
3. The center distance of the blind rivet hole to the edge of the base plate should be greater than twice the diameter of the blind rivet hole. At this distance, the riveting strength is ideal. If the distance is smaller, the force decreases greatly.
3. Strike core rivets
Lead core rivets are another type of one-sided rivet. During riveting, the rivet head is struck with a hammer to release the core, leaving it flush with the end face of the rivet head, thus completing the riveting.
Its operation is very convenient, especially suitable for riveting situations where it is inconvenient to use common rivets (which require riveting on both sides) or blind rivets (when a rivet gun is missing).
Flat round head strike core rivets are commonly used, while countersunk strike core rivets are suitable for situations where a smooth surface is required.
4. Drawn arc pin welding
Drawn arc welding is one of the methods to directly connect two pieces of sheet metal, mainly used for connecting coated steel plates or stainless steel plates.
One of the sheet metal parts is processed at the connection point to create a countersunk hole, while the other has the hole at the flanged connection point. They are riveted using a riveting die to form an inseparable connection.
The drawn arc welding method is shown in Figure 9-7.
- a) Assembly of parts
- b) Start of riveting
- c) Completion of riveting
4.1 Characteristics of riveting with extraction hole
(1) Advantages of pull hole riveting
The combination of flange and countersunk hole inherently has a positioning function. Riveting strength is also high due to the use of a riveting die, resulting in greater production efficiency.
(2) Disadvantages of pull hole riveting
It is a single connection and cannot be disassembled.
4.2 Riveting parameters with extraction hole
1) Shell matching principle:
H=t+t'+(0.3~0.4)
- D=D'-0.3
- Dd=0.8t
When the thickness 't' is greater than or equal to 0.8 mm, the wall thickness of the flanged hole is set to 0.4 t.
When 't' is less than 0.8mm, the wall thickness of the flanged hole is normally set at 0.3mm.
The height 'h' is generally chosen as 0.46±0.12mm.
For drawn hole riveting parameters, see Table 9-18.
Table 9-18 presents the drawn hole riveting parameters (in mm).
| Parameter number | Material thickness t /mm |
Push-up height H /mm |
Flange outer diameter D/mm |
|||||||||||
| 3.0 | 3.8 | 4.0 | 4.8 | 5.0 | 6.0 | |||||||||
| Corresponding to the inner diameter 'd' of the straight hole and the lower hole ' dó ' of the pre-flanged edge. | ||||||||||||||
| d | d 0 | d | d 0 | d | d 0 | d | d 0 | d | d 0 | d | d 0 | |||
| 1 | 0.5 | 1.2 | 2.4 | 1.5 | 3.2 | 2.4 | 3.4 | 2.6 | 4.2 | 3.4 | ||||
| two | 0.8 | 2.0 | 2.3 | 0.7 | 3.1 | 1.8 | 3.3 | 2.1 | 4.1 | 2.9 | 4.3 | 3.2 | ||
| 3 | 1.0 | 2.4 | 3.2 | 1.8 | 4.0 | 2.7 | 4.2 | 2.9 | 5.2 | 4.0 | ||||
| 4 | 1.2 | 2.7 | 3.0 | 1.2 | 3.8 | 2.3 | 4.0 | 2.5 | 5.0 | 3.6 | ||||
| 5 | 1.5 | 3.2 | 2.8 | 1.0 | 3.6 | 1.7 | 3.8 | 2.0 | 4.8 | 3.2 | ||||
