Propriedades do aço ASTM A36, elasticidade, resistência ao escoamento, densidade do material, dureza e equivalência

ASTM A36 Steel Properties, Elasticity, Yield Strength, Material Density, Hardness and Equivalence

February 2, 2024 Luciano Bertene

ASTM A36 Steel

ASTM A36 steel is one of the most widely used carbon structural steels, although the carbon content of A36 material is at most 0.29%, it is considered to be mild steel (carbon content ≤ 0.25%).

A36 carbon steel is often compared to AISI 1018, A36 carbon steel is commonly hot rolled while 1018 steel is commonly cold rolled.

Notes: There are two versions that define low carbon steel, one with a carbon content between 0.04% (0.05%) and 0.25% and the other with a carbon content between 0.04% (0.05%) and 0.29%.

Properties of A36 steel

The following tables show the properties of ASTM A36 steel, such as chemical composition, physical and mechanical properties.

Chemical composition

The following specification provides the chemical composition of A36 carbon steel in different products.

	Chemical Composition (%, ≤) for Forms
Steel	W	Yes	Mn	P	s	Ass
ASTM A36	0.26	0.40	no requirements	0.04	0.05	0.20

Note: Forms with flange thickness greater than 75 mm (3 in.) require a manganese content of 0.85 to 1.35% and a silicon content of 0.15 to 0.40%.

	A36 Material Chemical Composition (%, ≤), for Plates, Width > 380 mm (15 in.)
Steel	W	Yes	Mn	P	s	Ass	Thickness (d), mm (in.)
ASTM A36	0.25	0.40	no requirements	0.03	0.03	0.20	d ≤20 (0.75)
	0.25	0.40	0.80-1.20	0.03	0.03	0.20	20
	0.26	0.15-0.40	0.80-1.20	0.03	0.03	0.20	40
	0.27	0.15-0.40	0.85-1.20	0.03	0.03	0.20	65
	0.29	0.15-0.40	0.85-1.20	0.03	0.03	0.20	> 100 (4)

	A36 Material Chemical Composition (%, ≤), for Plates and Bars, Width ≤ 380 mm (15 in.)
Steel	W	Yes	Mn	P	s	Ass	Thickness (d), mm (in.)
ASTM A36	0.26	0.40	no requirements	0.04	0.05	0.20	d ≤ 20 (0.75)
	0.27	0.40	0.60-0.90	0.04	0.05	0.20	20
	0.28	0.40	0.60-0.90	0.04	0.05	0.20	40
	0.29	0.40	0.60-0.90	0.04	0.05	0.20	> 100 (4)

Mechanical properties of A36 steel

The lists below summarize the mechanical properties of A36 grade low carbon steel, such as modulus of elasticity (Young's modulus), shear modulus, ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, Brinell hardness, etc.

Mechanical properties of A36 steel		Grades
Ultimate tensile strength, MPa (ksi)	400-550 (58-80)	Plates, Shapes and Bars
Yield strength, MPa (ksi), ≥	250 (36)	Thickness ≤ 200 mm (8 in.)
Yield strength, MPa (ksi), ≥	220 (32)	Steel plate thickness > 200 mm (8 in.)
Elongation, %, ≥	20	Plates and bars in 200 mm (8 in.)
Elongation, %, ≥	23	50 mm (2 in.) plates and bars
Brinell Hardness, HB	119-162	Based on tensile strength conversion
Charpy V-Notch Impact Test, J (ft·lbf), ≥	27 (20)	Structural forms, alternative core location
Modulus of elasticity (Young's modulus), GPa (ksi)	200 (29×10 ³ )
Shear modulus, GPa (ksi)	79.3 (11.5×10 ³ )
Poisson's ratio	0.26

Physical properties

The physical properties of material A36 are given in the lists below:

Density : 7.85 g/cm3 (0.284 lb/in3)
Melting point : 1425-1538°C (2600-2800°F)

A36 Material Applications

ASTM A36 structural steel has good weldability, it is generally hot rolled into rectangular steel, square steel, round steel, steel plate, and is also commonly made into all kinds of steel sections, such as H beam, I beam, U channel , angle steel , steel pipe, etc.