SAE AISI 12L14 steel material
SAE AISI 12L14 steel is a resulfurized, rephosphorized, lead-containing, free-machining material, and is widely used in machinery, energy, metallurgy, aerospace and other fields.
The lower carbon content of 12L14 steel, especially the low melting point lead particles, ensure the inherent lubrication of the steel during machining and the embrittlement of the liquid metal at low machining speeds, thus avoiding the formation of Built Edge (BUE ). Furthermore, phosphorus and sulfide inclusions form sources of stress concentration and discontinuities in the ferrite substrate, resulting in breakable chips. The sulfide lubricated zone formed during machining reduces friction and tool wear, further improving machinability. All of these properties combine to make this material the most machinable of all common carbon and alloy steels. This machinability can be evaluated in terms of low cutting forces and good chip breaking characteristics.
Material 12L14 Steel Properties
The density of the 12L14 material is 7.87 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³); Tensile strength is 390 MPa (57 ksi) for hot rolled, 540 MPa (78 ksi) for cold rolled; The yield point is 230 MPa (34 ksi) for hot rolled, 410 MPa (60 ksi) for cold rolled; The hardness is 121 HB (hot rolled), 163 HB (cold rolled).
Chemical composition
| Chemical composition | ||||||
| Standard | Steel | C, ≤ | Mn | P | s | Pb |
| ASTM A29/A29M | 12L14 | 0.15 | 0.85-1.15 | 0.04-0.09 | 0.26-0.35 | 0.15-0.35 |
Mechanical Properties of 12L14 Carbon Steel
| Carbon steel | Type of Processing | Tensile strength, MPa (ksi), ≥ | Yield strength, MPa (ksi), ≥ | Elongation % ≥ | Area reduction, % | Hardness, HB | Average machinability rating,% |
| 12L14 | Hot rolled | 390 (57) | 230 (34) | 22 | 45 | 121 | |
| Cold drawing | 540 (78) | 410 (60) | 10 | 35 | 163 | 170 |
Based on machinability rating of cold drawn 1212 carbon steel = 100%.
Miscellaneous material properties
| Properties of AISI SAE 12L14 steel | Metric | Imperial |
| Density | 7.87g/cm3 | 0.284 lb/in3 |
| Specific thermal capacity | 472 J/kg·K | 0.113 Btu/lb ·°F |
| Electrical resistivity | 0.174 μΩ m | 6.85 μΩ·in. |
| Elastic modulus (Modulus of elasticity) | 200 GPa | 29×10 6 psi |
| Shear modulus | 80 GPa | 11.6×10 6 psi |
| Coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) | 11.5×10 -6 /K at 20°C | 6.39 μin./in.·°F at 68 °F |
| 12.2×10 -6 /K at 0-300 °C | 6.78 μin./in.·°F at 32-572 °F | |
| 13.9×10 -6 /K at 0-500 °C | 7.72 μin./in.·°F at 32-1000 °F | |
| Poisson's ratio | 0.29 | 0.29 |
SAE AISI 12L14 steel equivalent material
The equivalent material of SAE AISI 12L14 carbon steel is listed in the table below, including US ASTM SAE, AISI; ISO, Japanese JIS, Chinese GB and European EN standard, etc.
| Equivalent material in AISI 12L14 steel | |||||||||||||||||||
| USA | European | ISO | German | Japan | China | Australia | India | Russia | Korea | ||||||||||
| Standard | Steel Grade | Standard | Steel Name (Material Number) | Standard | ISO designation | Standard | Steel Name (Material Number) | Standard | Steel Grade | Standard | Steel Grade | Standard | Note | Standard | Note | Standard | Note | Standard | Note |
| AISI, SAE; ASTM A29/A29M |
12L14 | EN ISO 683-4:2018 | 10SPb20 (1.0722) | ISO 683-4:2018 | 10SPb20 | DIN EN 10087 (withdrawn) | 10SPb20 (1.0722) | JIS G4804 | SOMA24L | GB/T 8731 | Y12Pb | ||||||||
Note: DIN EN 10087 has been replaced by DIN EN ISO 683-4.
