Types of beams on the market

March 30, 2024 Luciano Bertene

Since there are so many different types of buildings being constructed in the construction industry, it shouldn't be too surprising that there are numerous types of wrapped beams available on the market. A beam is a horizontal element that can support vertical loads as well as bending moments and shear forces. When weight is added to these beams, it is transferred to the end points near the walls and columns, as well as the foundations.

Types of beams for industry and civil construction

Simply Supported Beams

One of the simplest structural elements is the simply supported beam. This type of beam can rotate freely, while the ends rest on support pieces. One end is fixed, but rotation can occur at the other end.

Use : Simply supported beams are often found in a variety of structural applications. For example, in highway bridges, simply supported beams are used to support the weight of vehicles passing over them. In buildings, these beams can be used in slabs to support vertical loads, such as the weight of the building itself or internal elements, such as walls and furniture.
Materials Used : Simply supported beams can be constructed from a variety of materials depending on structural requirements and environmental conditions. Common materials include reinforced concrete, structural steel and glued laminated timber. The choice of material depends on factors such as the expected load, the environment in which the beam will be installed and aesthetic considerations.
Benefits and Limitations : Simply supported beams offer simplicity of design and construction, in addition to being versatile in their application. However, they may be limited in terms of the spans they can cover without the use of intermediate supports. In bridges, for example, very large spans may require the use of other beam configurations, such as continuous or cantilever beams, to provide adequate support.
Structural Design : The design of simply supported beams involves detailed consideration of expected loads, including dead loads (such as the structure's own weight) and variable loads (such as wind or traffic loads). Additionally, engineers must consider the effects of structural deformation over time, as well as safety and durability issues.
Specific Applications : In addition to bridges and buildings, simply supported beams are also used in structures such as galleries, walkways, viaducts and industrial structures. Their simplicity of design and construction makes them a popular choice in a variety of civil engineering contexts.

By addressing these aspects, the understanding of simply supported beams becomes more complete, providing a comprehensive view of their usefulness and application in civil construction.

Fixed Beams

A fixed beam cannot rotate because it is embedded and securely connected at both ends.

Technical Description : Fixed beams are structural elements where their ends are rigidly connected and embedded in adjacent supports or structures. Unlike simply supported beams, fixed beams cannot rotate freely at their ends due to their solid fixation.
Rigid Connection : The main highlight of fixed beams is the presence of a rigid connection at both ends. This fixation prevents any rotation or angular movement of the beam, resulting in a more stable structure capable of withstanding loads and bending moments without significant deformation.
Common Applications : Fixed beams are often used in structures where it is essential to minimize deformation and ensure stability, such as in tall buildings, long-span bridges, industrial structures and critical infrastructure. They are particularly useful in situations where the load is applied at an angle and superior resistance to torsion and bending is required.
Material and Construction : Like other beams, fixed beams can be manufactured from a variety of materials, including reinforced concrete, structural steel and glued laminated timber. The material chosen will depend on the specific structural requirements of the project, including expected load, environmental conditions and durability requirements.
Benefits of Fixing : Fixing the ends of beams provides a number of benefits, including an increased ability to withstand heavy loads and bending moments without excessive deformation. Additionally, this configuration increases structural stability and reduces the need for intermediate supports, allowing for larger spans and a cleaner aesthetic in many projects.

By understanding the characteristics and applications of fixed beams, engineers and designers can make informed choices when designing structures that require high stability and structural strength.

Cantilever beams

A cantilever beam has a free end and a fixed end. This beam is generally used for balconies, bridges and bay windows.

Technical Description : Cantilever beams are structural elements that have a fixed end and a free end that projects outward without direct support. This configuration allows the beam to support loads at its free end, transmitting them back to the main structure through the fixed end.
Fixed and Free End : The fixed end of the cantilever beams is firmly anchored to the main structure, while the free end extends outward without additional support. This feature allows you to create significant projections without the need for intermediate supports, making cantilever beams ideal for applications where free space is essential.
Common Applications : Cantilever beams are widely used in a variety of architectural and structural applications. They are often used on balconies, sunrooms, balconies, suspension bridges, and bay windows, where the creation of open spaces and the absence of columns or intermediate supports are desirable.
Specialized Design : The design of cantilever beams requires special engineering considerations to ensure their stability and safety. Factors such as swing length, applied load, material strength and wind conditions must be carefully evaluated to avoid collapse or excessive deformation.
Material and Construction : Cantilever beams can be constructed from a variety of materials, including reinforced concrete, structural steel, glued laminated timber, and composite materials. The choice of material will depend on the specific requirements of the project, including expected load, environmental conditions and aesthetic requirements.
Structural Challenges : Due to their free-end configuration, cantilever beams face unique challenges in terms of stability and deflection control. The design must incorporate appropriate strengthening and support techniques to ensure that the beam can withstand the applied loads without failing.
Aesthetics and Functionality : In addition to their structural functionality, cantilever beams often contribute to the aesthetics of a structure, creating clean lines and open spaces. Their ability to create stunning projections without additional obstructions makes them a popular choice in contemporary architectural projects.

When considering the use of cantilever beams in a project, it is crucial to involve experienced structural engineers and follow design best practices to ensure the safety, stability, and durability of the structure.

Steel Beams

The steel beams are basically hoisted into place and secured, but they are only easily installed because they were cut to fit at the factory. This type of beam is very resistant and can be used in different ways in the construction of a building.

Composition and Resistance : Steel beams are manufactured from rolled or welded steel profiles, which gives them high structural resistance. These materials are selected for their ability to withstand large loads and stresses, making steel beams ideal for applications where strength and durability are essential.
Industrialized Manufacturing : One of the main advantages of steel beams is their ability to be custom manufactured in controlled factory environments. This allows beams to be pre-cut and prepared according to project specifications, simplifying the installation process at the construction site.
Versatility of Use : Due to their strength and malleability, steel beams can be used in different ways in the construction of buildings. They are often used as main structural elements in steel skeletons, where they support the weight of slabs, roofs and other elements of the structure.
Specific Applications : In addition to use in steel skeletons, steel beams are also used in a variety of other applications, such as bridges, mezzanines, support structures for heavy equipment, and long-span frames. Their ability to support large loads makes them a popular choice in commercial and industrial projects.
Efficient Installation : Due to their prefabricated fabrication and precise dimensions, steel beams are relatively easy to install at the construction site. They can be lifted and secured in position with the help of lifting equipment, which significantly reduces the time and effort required for assembly.
Durability and Fire Resistance : Steel beams are highly durable and resistant to corrosion, making them suitable for use in both outdoor and indoor environments. Additionally, unlike other building materials, steel maintains its structural strength even at high temperatures, making it a safe choice in the event of a fire.
Costs and Sustainability : Although steel beams may have a higher initial cost than some alternatives, their durability and longevity pay off in the long run. Additionally, steel is a highly recyclable material, making it an environmentally sustainable option for construction projects.

Steel beams play a key role in modern construction, offering a unique combination of strength, versatility and efficiency that makes them a popular choice among architects, engineers and builders. When selecting steel beams for a project, it is essential to consider the technical specifications, load requirements and applicable safety standards to ensure a safe and effective installation.

Wooden beams

Most wooden beams need to be cut to fit the job site, which makes their installation a little more time-consuming than steel beams. However, wooden beams add a lot of visual appeal to a room, especially if you are looking for a natural or rustic look in the space.

Natural Material and Attractive Aesthetics : Wooden beams are manufactured from cut and processed trees, which gives them a natural and rustic aesthetic. This aesthetic appeal makes wooden beams a popular choice in projects where a warm, traditional atmosphere is sought.
Design Versatility : Wood is a versatile material that can be easily shaped and crafted to suit a variety of architectural designs. Wooden beams are available in a wide range of sizes, shapes and finishes, allowing for flexible customization to meet the specific needs of each project.
Light Weight and Ease of Handling : Compared to materials like steel, wooden beams are lighter and easier to handle during the installation process. This can reduce the time and effort required to transport, lift, and secure beams to the construction site.
Thermal and Acoustic Insulation : Wood has natural thermal and acoustic insulation properties, which can contribute to the comfort and energy efficiency of a building. Wooden beams help regulate the room's internal temperature, keeping it cool in summer and warm in winter, as well as absorbing and dissipating sound, reducing unwanted noise.
Sustainability and Renewability : Wood is a renewable and sustainable resource when it comes from responsibly managed sources. By opting for wooden beams certified for sustainable forest management, builders can minimize the environmental impact of their projects and contribute to forest conservation.
Durability and Longevity : When properly treated and maintained, wood beams can have a long lifespan and resist the effects of time, including exposure to moisture, insects and fungi. Treatment with wood preservation products can further increase the durability of beams, protecting them against damage caused by external elements.
Cost and Accessibility : Wooden beams tend to be more affordable in terms of cost compared to materials like steel or concrete. Additionally, the widespread availability of wood in many regions makes wood beams a convenient and economical option for a variety of construction projects.

Wood beams offer a unique combination of natural beauty, design versatility and environmental benefits that make them an attractive choice in many construction projects. When selecting wooden beams for a project, it is important to consider not only their aesthetic characteristics, but also their structural properties, maintenance requirements, and long-term sustainability.

Continuous Beams

A continuous beam is longer than many other beams, which means it needs to have more than one support at each end. Additional supports are placed along the continuous beam so it stays where it needs to be.

Extended Length : Continuous beams are designed to support longer spans than conventional beams, making them ideal for structures that require support over significant distances without interruption. This allows the creation of large, open spaces in buildings without the need for columns or intermediate supports.
Uniform Load Distribution : Due to their extended length, continuous beams can evenly distribute loads along their length, reducing the need for additional supports and minimizing stress concentration points. This contributes to the stability and structural integrity of the building as a whole.
Reduced Construction Costs and Time : By eliminating the need for intermediate supports, continuous beams can reduce construction costs and time as they require fewer materials and installations. This can be especially advantageous in large-scale projects where efficiency and resource savings are priorities.
Design Flexibility : Continuous beams offer greater design flexibility, allowing the creation of more fluid and dynamic architectural spaces. Its ability to support longer spans without interruption gives architects greater creative freedom when designing indoor and outdoor spaces.
Structural Strength : Due to their robust construction and multi-point support, continuous beams are capable of supporting significant loads and resisting external forces such as wind and earthquakes. This ensures the stability and safety of the building in various climatic and environmental conditions.
Diverse Applications : Continuous beams are widely used in a variety of structures including commercial, residential, industrial and institutional buildings. They are especially suitable for spaces that require large clearances, such as exhibition halls, sports halls, warehouses and classrooms.
Advanced Engineering : The design and construction of continuous beams requires advanced knowledge in structural engineering and stress analysis. Engineers must carefully consider the effects of dynamic loads, deflection and deformation when designing continuous beams to ensure their effectiveness and safety.

Continuous beams offer an efficient and versatile solution for creating expansive and functional architectural spaces, allowing for more efficient and aesthetically appealing construction. Their ability to support large spans without interruption makes them a popular choice in a variety of construction projects around the world.

Reinforced concrete beams

A concrete beam can support a lot of weight, but extra safety measures need to be taken to ensure that it does not collapse at any point. Therefore, reinforcements are used to keep this type of beam in place.

High Weight Bearing Capacity : Reinforced concrete beams are known for their high capacity to bear heavy loads due to the strength of concrete combined with the addition of steel reinforcement. This makes them ideal for projects that require significant structural support, such as commercial buildings, bridges and industrial structures.
Structural Versatility : Reinforced concrete beams are highly versatile and can be molded into a variety of shapes and sizes to suit different design requirements. They can be used in a variety of applications, from supporting elements in buildings to bridges and viaducts.
Durability and Fire Resistance : Reinforced concrete is known for its durability and fire resistance, making concrete beams a popular choice in areas where fire safety is a concern. They maintain their structural integrity even in extreme temperature conditions, ensuring the safety of occupants and the stability of structures.
Steel Reinforcements for Reinforcement : To ensure the stability and strength of concrete beams, steel reinforcements are added during the construction process. These reinforcements help distribute loads evenly along the beam and prevent the development of cracks and structural collapse.
Specialized Construction Process : The construction of reinforced concrete beams requires specialized skills and technical knowledge in concrete and steel reinforcement. The process involves pouring the concrete into prefabricated molds or wooden forms, followed by the installation of steel reinforcement before the concrete is cured and strengthened.
Reduced Maintenance : Due to their durability and strength, reinforced concrete beams generally require less maintenance over time compared to other building materials. This results in lower operating costs and a longer useful life for the structures where they are used.
Diverse Applications : Reinforced concrete beams are widely used in a variety of construction projects, including residential and commercial buildings, bridges, viaducts, dams and other infrastructure. Their versatility, durability and ability to withstand heavy loads make them a popular choice among engineers and architects.
Environmental Compatibility : Concrete is a widely available and durable material, making it an environmentally friendly option for construction. Furthermore, the long useful life of reinforced concrete beams contributes to the sustainability of the structures where they are used.

Reinforced concrete beams offer a robust and reliable solution for a variety of structural needs, combining strength, durability and versatility in a single building element. Their ability to withstand heavy loads and withstand harsh conditions makes them a popular choice in construction projects around the world.

Rectangular Beams

Rectangular beams are typically used in buildings made of reinforced concrete.

Rectangular Geometry : Rectangular beams have a rectangular cross-section, characterized by a height greater than their width. This geometry provides efficient load distribution and structural strength, making them suitable for a variety of applications.
Reinforced Concrete Construction : Rectangular beams are commonly used in reinforced concrete buildings due to ease of fabrication and installation. Reinforced concrete offers strength and durability, while the rectangular shape of the beam provides structural efficiency.
Vertical Load Support : Due to their rectangular geometry, these beams are effective in supporting vertical loads, such as the weight of floors, walls and roofs in buildings. They evenly distribute loads along the length of the beam, transmitting them to the foundation supports.
Design Flexibility : The rectangular shape of the beams allows for a certain design flexibility as they can be sized to meet specific load and clearance requirements in a structure. This makes them suitable for a variety of building layouts and configurations.
Resistance to Bending Stress : Rectangular beams are effective in resisting bending stress, which makes them suitable for larger spans and applications where excessive deformation is undesirable. They are capable of supporting distributed and concentrated loads without compromising their structural integrity.
Installation and Maintenance : The manufacture and installation of rectangular reinforced concrete beams are relatively simple and straightforward, which contributes to the efficiency of the construction process. Additionally, once installed, these beams generally require little maintenance throughout their service life.
Building Applications : Rectangular beams are widely used in a variety of buildings including residential, commercial and industrial. They can be found supporting floors, slabs, roofs and other structural loads throughout the building.
Integration with Other Elements : Rectangular beams can be easily integrated with other structural elements, such as pillars, slabs and foundations, to form a cohesive and resistant system. Their compatibility with a variety of materials and construction techniques makes them a versatile choice in construction projects.

Rectangular beams are common structural elements in reinforced concrete buildings, offering a combination of strength, efficiency and versatility. Their simple geometry, design flexibility and ability to support vertical loads make them a popular choice among engineers and architects in designing durable and reliable building structures.

T beams

A T-section beam is typically a reinforced concrete slab, but can be modified according to specific load requirements. This is perfect for those buildings that do not meet one size fits all beam requirements.

T-shaped Cross Section : T-beams have a cross-section that resembles the letter "T", with a horizontal upper part (the slab) and a vertical part (the chord). This configuration provides an efficient combination of strength and structural rigidity.
Adaptation to Specific Loads : One of the advantages of T-beams is their ability to be adapted according to the specific load requirements of each project. This means that the width, height and thickness of the top slab can be adjusted as needed to support anticipated loads.
Reinforced Concrete Material : Generally, T-beams are made of reinforced concrete, which provides the strength and durability necessary to withstand structural loads. The concrete is cast into a mold form to create the desired cross-section of the T-beam.
Versatility of Application : T-beams are widely used in a variety of structures including commercial, residential and industrial buildings. They are suitable for supporting loads from slabs, floors, roofs and other structural applications.
Structural Efficiency : The T-shaped configuration offers efficient load distribution, ensuring that the beam is capable of supporting vertical and horizontal loads effectively. This results in a more resistant and stable structure.
Design Flexibility : T-beams offer a certain amount of design flexibility, allowing engineers to adjust beam dimensions and geometry to meet the specific requirements of each project. This includes the ability to vary the top slab width and chord height as needed.
Integration with Other Elements : T-beams can be easily integrated with other structural elements, such as columns, slabs and foundations, to form a cohesive and resistant system. Their compatibility with a variety of materials and construction techniques makes them a versatile choice in construction projects.
Fabrication and Installation : The fabrication and installation of T-beams is generally relatively simple and straightforward, contributing to the efficiency of the construction process. Once shaped and cured, T-beams can be easily transported and installed at the construction site.

T-beams are versatile and efficient structural elements that are widely used in the construction of a variety of buildings and structures. Their ability to adapt to specific project loads, combined with their structural efficiency and design flexibility, makes them a popular choice among engineers and architects for designing durable and reliable structures.

L-section beams

L-section beams are used to reinforce the perimeter of buildings and are one of many different cross-sectional shapes that can be used.

L-shaped : L-section beams have a shape that resembles the letter "L", with a horizontal part and a vertical part. This configuration provides lateral support and resistance to bending in two mutually perpendicular directions.
Perimeter Reinforcement : These beams are often employed to reinforce the perimeter of buildings, providing structural stability to exterior walls. They help distribute the horizontal and vertical loads coming from the building structure.
Additional Support : In addition to reinforcing the perimeter, L-section beams can be used to provide additional support at corners and wall abutments, ensuring the stability and structural integrity of these areas.
Varied Material : L-section beams can be manufactured from a variety of materials, including steel, reinforced concrete, laminated timber or other structural materials, depending on specific project requirements and design loads.
Design Flexibility : The versatility of L-section beams allows them to be adapted to different structural needs and building geometries. They can be sized and configured as required by architectural design and structural calculations.
Installation and Integration : Installation of L-section beams can vary depending on the material used, but is generally relatively simple and straightforward. They can be easily integrated with other structural elements, such as pillars, slabs and foundations, to form a cohesive and resistant system.
Strength and Durability : L-section beams are designed to provide sufficient strength and durability to withstand applied loads and environmental conditions throughout the life of the building. This includes consideration of factors such as wind loads, structure weight and seismic events.
Diverse Applications : In addition to their common use in reinforcing the perimeter of buildings, L-section beams can be used in a variety of other applications, such as bridges, industrial structures, equipment supports and shoring elements.

L-section beams are versatile and essential structural elements often used in construction to provide support and stability to buildings and other structures. Their ability to reinforce the perimeter, provide additional support, and easily integrate with other components makes them a valuable choice in a wide range of construction projects.

Straight beams

Most beams you'll see in basic buildings are straight beams. These beams can be made from a variety of materials and are straight and basic in appearance.

Structural Simplicity : Straight beams are simple structural elements characterized by their linear shape and basic appearance. They are often used in buildings and structures where simplicity and efficiency are priorities.
Versatility of Materials : These beams can be manufactured from a variety of materials, including wood, steel, reinforced concrete, among others. The choice of material depends on the load requirements, durability and aesthetics of the project.
Vertical Load Support : One of the main functions of straight beams is to support vertical loads, such as the weight of slabs, walls and other structural elements above them. They evenly distribute loads along their length, transmitting them to the supports at the ends.
Application in Simple Structures : Straight beams are commonly used in simple structures, such as residences, small and medium-sized commercial buildings, industrial warehouses and agricultural structures. They offer an economical and effective solution to support the vertical loads of these buildings.
Ease of Fabrication and Installation : Due to their simple shape, straight beams are easy to manufacture and install. They can be prefabricated in factories or molded in situ, depending on the needs of the project. Installation is generally straightforward and quick, contributing to construction efficiency.
Adaptation to Different Geometries : Straight beams can be designed and sized to adapt to a variety of building geometries and configurations. They can be installed horizontally between columns or vertically to support walls and other vertical loads.
Integration with Other Components : These beams can be easily integrated with other structural components such as columns, slabs, foundations and connecting elements. This allows for the creation of cohesive and efficient structural systems that meet design load and performance requirements.
Durability and Resistance : Depending on the material used, straight beams can offer high resistance and durability, ensuring the stability and safety of the structure over time. Appropriate weather and corrosion protection measures can be adopted to increase its useful life.

Straight beams are fundamental structural elements widely used in civil construction. Their simplicity, versatility and efficiency make them a popular choice in a variety of projects, providing reliable support and ensuring the stability and integrity of built structures.

Curved Beams

Any building that has a curve, whether near the entrance or elsewhere, will need curved beams. These beams are not as easy to use because you need to make sure they are installed correctly. Not installing them correctly will mean the weight won't transfer the way it should and the building could collapse.

Specialized Design : Curved beams are designed to fit structures with curved elements, such as building entrances, arcades, domes, and other curvilinear architectural elements. They are manufactured with specific curvatures to match the design geometry.
Load Support in Curved Structures : Its main function is to support vertical and horizontal loads in curved structures, distributing the weight evenly along its length. This guarantees the stability and integrity of the structure, allowing it to withstand the loads imposed on it.
Complexity in Manufacturing and Installation : Due to their curved shape, curved beams require more complex manufacturing and installation processes compared to straight beams. They are often custom-made to precisely fit the geometry of the structure, requiring specialized equipment and techniques.
Need for Precise Installation : Proper installation of curved beams is crucial to ensure weight is transferred effectively and safely. Any misalignment or error in installation can compromise the stability of the structure and even result in structural failure.
Adaptation to Specific Architectural Elements : These beams are often used in architectural projects that require curved elements to create a distinctive and aesthetically appealing look. They can be integrated into a variety of architectural styles, from contemporary designs to historic and monumental structures.
Variety of Materials : Curved beams can be manufactured from a variety of materials, including steel, reinforced concrete, glued laminated timber (GLA) and composite materials. The choice of material depends on the load requirements, aesthetics and durability of the project.
Engineering Challenges : The design and design of curved beams involves unique engineering challenges, especially regarding stress, bending, and curvature analysis. Structural engineers must carefully consider all aspects of the design to ensure the safety and proper performance of curved beams.
Application in Special Projects : Curved beams are often employed in special projects that require a distinctive architectural element or a unique structural solution. These projects may include theaters, stadiums, bridges, galleries and high-end commercial and residential buildings.

Curved beams are specialized structural elements that play an essential role in creating impressive and functionally efficient architectural structures. Their ability to adapt to curved shapes and harmoniously integrate into complex architectural designs makes them a valued choice in a variety of building construction applications.

Statically Determined Beams

Sometimes equilibrium must be used to resolve a reaction. This is when a statically determined beam is needed.

Structural Equilibrium : Statically determined beams are structural elements in which all forces and moments can be accurately calculated using the equations of static equilibrium. This means that support reactions and load distributions can be determined without needing to consider beam deformation or displacement.
Simplified Analysis Model : Due to their determined static nature, beams of this type are commonly used in simplified structural analyses, where the complexity of more detailed models is desired. This facilitates the calculation of support reactions, stresses and deformations along the beam.
Common Applications : Statically determined beams are often found in a variety of structures such as bridges, buildings, trusses, support structures and other applications where the load distribution is known and the support conditions are well defined.
Ease of Analysis and Design : Due to their statically determined nature, beams of this type simplify the structural analysis and design process. Engineers can easily apply the principles of solid mechanics to determine support reactions, internal forces, and cross-sectional sizing.
Less Sensitivity to Deformations : As statically determined beams do not consider the deformation of the structure, they are less sensitive to variations in load and geometry. This means that, in many cases, it is possible to obtain accurate results without the need for more complex analyses.
Limitations in Structural Flexibility : A disadvantage of statically determined beams is that they are less flexible in terms of their ability to adapt to changes in loading or support conditions. This may limit its application to structures subject to variable or uncertain loads.
Examples of Statically Determined Beams : Simply supported beams, cantilever beams, continuous beams with fixed or simple supports, and truss beams are common examples of statically determined beams.
Safety and Efficiency : When properly designed and sized, statically determined beams offer a high level of structural safety and efficiency in terms of material use. This is crucial to guarantee the integrity and performance of the structures in which they are used.

Statically determined beams are fundamental elements in many civil and industrial structures, providing a solid foundation for the design and construction of buildings, bridges, and other infrastructure. Its widespread use is attributed to its ability to simplify structural analysis and efficiently provide reliable results.

Statically Indeterminate Beams

Of course, there may come a time when equilibrium conditions will never be sufficient to resolve reactions. This is where the statically indeterminate beam is needed. This type of beam is much more difficult to install, but once assembled you will not have any problems with weight transfer.

Insufficient Equilibrium Conditions : Statically indeterminate beams are those in which the equilibrium conditions are not sufficient to resolve all reactions and internal forces with only the static equilibrium equations. This occurs when there are more unknowns (support reactions, internal efforts) than equations available for analysis.
Structural Complexity : Due to the lack of sufficient equilibrium equations, beams of this type require more advanced analysis methods, such as the displacement method, the stiffness method or the finite element method. This increases the complexity of design and structural analysis.
Redistribution of Moments : A characteristic of statically indeterminate beams is the ability to redistribute moments and internal forces throughout the structure. This means that deformations and displacements can occur more significantly than in statically determined beams.
Structural Flexibility : The indeterminate nature of beams allows for greater flexibility in structural design, as support and loading conditions can vary within certain limits without compromising the stability or safety of the structure.
Common Applications : Statically indeterminate beams are often found in structures subject to variable or complex loads, such as frames, trusses, arches, and structures with long spans and multiple supports. These beams are essential for dealing with situations where load distribution is not uniform or support conditions are irregular.
Greater Accuracy and Efficiency : Although more complex to analyze and design, statically indeterminate beams offer greater precision in modeling structural behavior under more realistic loading conditions. This can lead to more efficient use of materials and better design optimization.
Design Challenges : Designing statically indeterminate beams requires an in-depth understanding of structural mechanics principles and advanced structural analysis methods. Engineers must be able to deal with the complexity of equations and interpretation of results to ensure the safety and stability of the structure.
Examples of Statically Indeterminate Beams : Frames, cantilever beams with multiple cantilevers, trusses with additional degrees of freedom, and arch structures are common examples of statically indeterminate beams.

Statically indeterminate beams play a crucial role in the design and analysis of complex structures, offering flexibility, accuracy and efficiency in modeling structural behavior under varying loading and support conditions. Although more challenging to analyze and design, these beams are essential for dealing with structural situations that go beyond the capabilities of statically determined beams.

Cast-in-place concrete beams

If you have time to cast some beams at the construction site, cast-in-place concrete beams are amazing. You will start by pouring concrete into the forms and giving it time to harden before imposing the different loads.

On-Site Fabrication : Cast-in-place concrete beams are produced directly at the construction site, where they are poured into prefabricated forms and left to harden. This allows greater flexibility in the production process and eliminates the need to transport prefabricated beams.
Customization : Because the beams are cast in-house, they can be easily customized to meet project specifications and requirements. This includes adjustments to the size, shape, slope and reinforcement of the beam to ensure its structural adequacy.
Adaptation to Site Conditions : Cast-in-place concrete beams are ideal for projects where site conditions, such as uneven terrain or restricted access, make the use of prefabricated beams difficult or impractical. They can be adjusted and assembled according to the specific needs of the location.
Quality Control : By manufacturing the beams on site, engineers and builders have greater control over the production process and quality of the concrete used. This allows for more stringent quality control measures to be implemented to ensure the beams meet the required standards.
Durability and Strength : Cast-in-place concrete beams tend to be highly durable and strong, providing a long and reliable service life. High-strength concrete and the correct dimensioning of reinforcement ensure that the beams can withstand demanding loads and service conditions over time.
Lower Cost : In some cases, manufacturing concrete beams on site can be more cost-effective than purchasing prefabricated beams, especially on smaller-scale projects or in remote locations where transportation costs are high. This can result in significant cost savings for the project as a whole.
Diverse Applications : Cast-in-place concrete beams are widely used in a variety of construction applications, including bridges, commercial and residential buildings, retaining structures, foundations, and more. Their versatility and customizability make them suitable for a wide range of projects.
Manufacturing Process : The process of manufacturing cast-in-place concrete beams involves preparing the wood or steel forms, pouring the fresh concrete into the forms, positioning the steel reinforcement as needed, and allowing adequate curing time before removal of the shapes.

Cast-in-place concrete beams offer a versatile, customized and economically viable solution for many construction projects, providing durability, strength and quality control. Their flexible and adaptable manufacturing process makes them a popular choice in a variety of construction applications.

Precast concrete beams

There is usually not enough time on the construction site to cast concrete beams and that is where precast concrete beams come in handy. These concrete beams are manufactured in factories, so the quality of the beams is much better. You will also have the option of different cross-sectional shapes, but the most popular include the T-beam, double T-beam, and inverted T-beam.

Factory Manufacturing : Precast concrete beams are manufactured in specialized factories, where they are molded into specific shapes and subject to strict quality controls. This ensures high quality and consistency in the beams, as they are produced in a controlled environment.
Variety of Cross Sections : These beams offer a variety of cross section options, including T-beams, double-T beams, and inverted-T beams, among others. This diversity allows beams to be adapted to meet the structural and aesthetic needs of different projects.
Speed of Installation : As the beams are prefabricated, their installation on the construction site is quick and efficient. This reduces construction time and associated labor costs, making precast beams an economical choice for many construction projects.
High Strength and Durability : Precast concrete beams are designed to offer high strength and durability, capable of withstanding heavy loads and adverse environmental conditions over time. This makes them ideal for a variety of structural applications in buildings, bridges and other infrastructure.
Quality Control : Manufacturing in a controlled environment allows strict quality control throughout the beam production process. This helps ensure that the beams meet the performance and safety standards required by building codes and regulations.
Versatility of Use : Precast concrete beams are widely used in a variety of construction projects, including commercial and residential buildings, bridges, overpasses, retaining structures and more. Their versatility and adaptability make them a popular choice among engineers and builders.
Waste Reduction : Custom manufacturing of precast beams reduces material waste on the construction site, contributing to more sustainable and resource-efficient construction.
Ease of Transport : Because the beams are prefabricated, they can be transported to the construction site efficiently, reducing the costs and environmental impacts associated with transporting construction materials.

Precast concrete beams offer an efficient, durable and economical solution for many construction projects, providing high quality, quick installation and versatility of use. Their factory manufacturing process and rigorous quality control make them a reliable choice for a variety of structural applications.

Deep beams

There are times when loads are so high that they require a deep beam. These beams have greater depths and the compression force is used to distribute the weight.

Increased Depth : Deep beams have greater depths compared to standard beams. This allows for greater load capacity and structural strength to support heavy loads and distribute weight efficiently.
High Load Distribution : Due to their increased depth, deep beams are suitable for handling extremely high loads. They are designed to resist compression and traction forces, distributing weight evenly along their length.
Structural Versatility : Deep beams are used in a variety of structural applications where high loads are a primary consideration. They are commonly found in industrial buildings, bridges, heavy equipment support structures and other civil engineering works that require robust support.
Construction of Bridges and Viaducts : In bridges and viaducts, deep beams are employed to support the weight of traffic lanes, vehicles and dynamic load. Their ability to support heavy loads makes them essential for ensuring the safety and stability of these structures.
Industrial and Commercial Applications : In industrial and commercial environments where heavy equipment and machinery are present, deep beams are used as part of the support structures to support the weight and ensure the integrity of the installations.
Seismic and High Wind Design : In seismic regions or regions subject to high winds, deep beams are designed to resist lateral forces and dynamic loads, providing stability and structural strength during seismic or extreme weather events.
Advanced Structural Analysis : The design of deep beams requires advanced structural analysis to ensure they meet load, deflection and safety requirements. This involves detailed stress, bending and torsion calculations to ensure proper beam performance under varying loading conditions.
Diverse Construction Material : Deep beams can be constructed from a variety of materials, including reinforced concrete, structural steel and glued laminated timber, depending on the load requirements, durability and aesthetics of the structure.

Deep beams are essential structural elements in projects that require robust support and high load capacity. Their increased depth and ability to distribute heavy loads make them an ideal choice for a variety of industrial, commercial and civil engineering applications where safety and stability are paramount.

Oscillation beams

Flitch beams are made by connecting metal and wood. The metal provides additional support, while the wooden section makes it easy to connect to the frame. This type of beam is lighter than one made entirely of steel, but it also supports more weight than a wooden beam.

Hybrid Composition: Flitch beams are composed of a combination of metal and wood. Generally, a steel plate is sandwiched between two pieces of wood, forming a hybrid structure that combines the resistance characteristics of metal with the versatility and aesthetic appearance of wood.
Additional Support: The metal used in Flitch beams offers additional support to the structure, increasing its load capacity and resistance. This makes these beams suitable for applications where robust structural properties are required, such as in bridges, roofs and floor structures.
Lightness and Strength: Despite offering additional support, Flitch beams are lighter than beams made entirely of steel. This makes them an attractive option when looking to reduce the weight of the structure without compromising strength and structural integrity.
Ease of Connection: The wooden section in Flitch beams facilitates connection to other structural elements such as columns and pillars. The wood can be cut and fixed easily, allowing for efficient and precise assembly of the structure.
Application Versatility: Flitch beams are used in a variety of structural applications, from residential projects to commercial and industrial structures. They can be used in bridges, roof support beams, floor slabs and other structures where robust and reliable support is required.
Pleasing Aesthetics: The combination of metal and wood in Flitch beams offers a pleasing aesthetic that can complement the architectural design of a building. The presence of wood adds warmth and naturalness to the environment, while metal provides a feeling of modernity and resistance.
Durability and Longevity: Flitch beams are known for their durability and longevity. The corrosion resistance of the metal and the dimensional stability of the wood contribute to a prolonged useful life of the structure, reducing the need for maintenance over time.
Cost Effective: Compared to beams made entirely of steel, Flitch beams can offer a more economical alternative, especially in projects where the combination of structural performance and natural aesthetics of wood is desired.

Flitch beams are a versatile and effective choice in a variety of construction scenarios, offering a unique combination of lightness, strength, aesthetics and cost effectiveness. Their hybrid composition provides additional support and application versatility, making them a popular option for a wide range of structural projects.

I-beams

I beams are made of steel and this type of beam looks like the letter “I”. This beam is typically used in larger commercial buildings, but you can find it in the interior walls of wooden homes. Most often, I-beams are placed on top of the foundation, or on top of basement walls, because they support the upper levels of the building.

Material: I-beams are primarily manufactured from steel, providing an ideal combination of strength and durability. The shape of the beam resembles the letter "I", with an upper and lower flange connected by a central web.
Application in Commercial and Residential Buildings: I-beams are widely used in larger commercial buildings due to their ability to support large loads and long spans. However, they are also used in homes, especially in wood structures, where they are placed on top of the foundation or basement walls to support the upper levels of the building.
Structural Support: I-beams are designed to provide efficient structural support in various construction configurations. Their ability to support heavy loads makes them ideal for use in areas where long beams are required to support the weight of upper floors or roofs.
Rigidity and Stability: The "I" shape of the beams provides rigidity and stability, ensuring that the structure remains stable and resistant to deformation under varying loads. This is especially important in tall buildings, where structural stability is essential to the safety and integrity of the building.
Installation on Top of Foundation or Basement Walls: In residential construction, I-beams are commonly installed on top of the foundation or basement walls to support the weight of the upper floors. This strategic position allows for an even distribution of loads and a smooth transition between the different levels of the structure.
Design Flexibility: The availability of I-beams in a variety of sizes and load capacities gives designers and builders the flexibility to design and construct a wide range of structures, from commercial and industrial buildings to single-family homes.
Structural Efficiency: I-beams are designed to offer maximum structural efficiency, allowing designs to be optimized in terms of material usage and construction costs. Their ability to support heavy loads with a minimal amount of material makes them an economical choice for a variety of construction applications.
Durability and Corrosion Resistance: Made from steel, I-beams are highly durable and resistant to corrosion, ensuring a long and reliable service life even in harsh environments.

I-beams are a popular choice in a variety of construction projects due to their ability to support heavy loads, their structural rigidity, and their application versatility. Whether in commercial or residential buildings, these beams play a fundamental role in the support and stability of the structure.

Box beams

A box beam looks like a long hollow box and is always attached at right angles. Most often, box beams are made from wood and are often installed to add some visual appeal to a room's ceiling.

Box-Shaped Design: Box beams have the distinctive appearance of a long hollow box, with rectangular sections running the length of the beam. This design creates a unique aesthetic that can add visual appeal to a room's ceiling.
Predominant Material: Box beams are often constructed from wood due to its ease of manufacture and design versatility. Wood allows for a variety of finishes and surface treatments to match the style and decor of the space.
Right Angle Installation: Box beams are attached at right angles, which provides a solid, stable structure to support the weight of the ceiling and any additional loads. This configuration also creates an orderly geometric appearance that can complement the room's design.
Aesthetic Application: One of the main uses of box beams is for aesthetic purposes, especially in interior spaces such as living rooms, dining rooms and entertainment areas. They add texture, depth and visual interest to the ceiling, creating a warm and sophisticated atmosphere.
Variety of Sizes and Dimensions: Box beams are available in a variety of sizes and dimensions to meet the specific needs of each project. This allows for flexible customization to suit the layout and scale of the space in question.
Design Versatility: Due to their versatility, box beams can be used in a wide range of decorating styles, from rustic and traditional to modern and contemporary. They can be left in their natural wood color for an organic look or painted to complement the existing color palette.
Adding Architectural Character: In addition to their decorative function, box beams can also be used to add architectural character to a space. They can highlight specific areas of the room, such as a fireplace or kitchen island, creating visually interesting focal points.
Ease of Installation and Maintenance: Box beams are relatively easy to install and require little maintenance over time. Once installed correctly, they remain stable and durable, providing years of beauty and functionality.
Creating Cozy Environments: Using box beams can help define the atmosphere of a space, creating a feeling of comfort and warmth. Their presence adds a sense of warmth and familiarity to the environment, inviting people to come together and relax.

Box beams are a popular choice for adding charm and character to a variety of interior spaces. Their distinctive appearance and design versatility make them an attractive option for those who want to create welcoming and visually appealing environments.

Hip rafters

The area where the different sections of the roof meet is known as the hip and a hip rafter is needed there. While these beams were always made of wood, nowadays steel is becoming the material of choice.

Hip Roof Integration: Hip rafters are essential components in hip roofs, where multiple roof sections converge at a central point. They are positioned at the ends of the roof's inclined planes and are crucial for supporting the structure and distributing loads evenly.
Connecting Roof Sections: In areas where the sloping planes of the roof meet, known as hips, hip rafters are installed to connect and reinforce these joints. They guarantee the structural stability and integrity of the roof, especially in areas with greater exposure to wind and bad weather.
Material of Choice: Traditionally made from wood, hip rafters are now increasingly being manufactured from steel due to their superior structural properties and durability. Steel offers greater strength and bearing capacity, making it a preferred option for projects that require greater sturdiness and longevity.
Structural Support: Hip rafters play a crucial role in the structural support of the roof, helping to distribute the weight of the roof and weather loads evenly across the structure. This is essential to ensure the stability and safety of the roof in adverse conditions.
Wind and Load Resistance: Due to their location at roof joints and their structural support function, hip rafters must be able to resist high winds, snow loads and other external pressures. Using robust materials such as steel helps ensure the integrity of the roof system in all weather conditions.
Design Flexibility: Hip beams are available in a variety of sizes and dimensions to meet the specific requirements of each construction project. This allows for significant design flexibility, allowing architects and engineers to adapt the beams to the structural and aesthetic needs of the roof.
Durability and Longevity: Hip beams made from steel offer excellent durability and longevity, resisting wear and tear caused by adverse weather conditions and other environmental factors. They require little maintenance over time, providing years of reliable performance and structural protection.
Aesthetics and Appearance: In addition to their structural function, hip rafters can also contribute to the overall aesthetics of the roof and structure's architecture. The use of steel allows for sleek, contemporary designs that complement the style and aesthetic of the building, adding a touch of sophistication and modernity.
Professional Installation: Proper installation of hip rafters is critical to ensuring the structural integrity and performance of your roof over time. It is essential to have qualified and experienced professionals to design and install hip beams properly and safely.

Hip rafters play a key role in the structuring and stability of hip roofs, offering essential structural support, strength and durability to ensure the integrity of the roof system. By opting for steel as the material of choice, builders can count on robust, reliable hip beams that provide long-lasting protection and exceptional performance in a variety of weather and environmental conditions.

Window Beams

Window and door beams are known as headers and help distribute weight across openings.

Structural Function: Window beams, also known as transoms, play a crucial role in structuring wall openings such as windows and doors. They are designed to distribute the weight of the structure above the opening and transmit it efficiently to the side supports.
Load Support: When a window or door is installed in a wall, the window beams are responsible for supporting the load above the opening and preventing the structure from sinking or shifting. They ensure the stability and integrity of the wall, evenly distributing the weight to adjacent structural elements.
Strategic Location: Window beams are positioned horizontally over the window or door opening, providing direct load support from the structure above. They are attached to the side walls of the opening and can vary in size and dimension depending on project specifications and structural requirements.
Material and Construction: Window beams can be manufactured from a variety of materials, including wood, steel and concrete, depending on the structural and aesthetic needs of the project. They are designed to resist the loads imposed by the wall structure and the opening itself, providing reliable and durable support.
Design and Aesthetics: In addition to their structural function, window beams can also contribute to the design and aesthetics of the environment. They are available in a variety of styles and finishes to complement the architectural style and interior design of the space. The use of suitable materials and finishes can add a touch of elegance and sophistication to window and door openings.
Professional Installation: Proper installation of window studs is essential to ensure the stability and safety of the wall structure. They must be correctly fixed to the side walls of the opening, precisely aligned and adequately sized to support the applied load. It is recommended that you rely on qualified professionals to install window beams safely and efficiently.
Durability and Maintenance: Window beams are designed to provide strength and durability over time, requiring little regular maintenance. However, it is important to periodically check their structural condition and integrity, especially in areas subject to extreme weather conditions or soil movement. Preventive maintenance can help identify and fix any problems before they become more serious.

Window beams play an essential role in the structuring and stability of window and door openings, offering reliable load support and distributing the weight of the structure efficiently. By selecting and installing appropriate window beams, builders can ensure the integrity and security of openings, contributing to the durability and performance of the entire building structure.

These are the main types of beams that are used in civil construction, but there are many others that can be used depending on the building and space. There really isn't a right or wrong beam most of the time, but there are certain scenarios where one type of beam should be used over another.

It's not always easy to know which beam is best to use, but a little research can easily let you know which one is better than all the others. Therefore, take your time when choosing the beams for each building you build, so as not to have structural problems in the future.

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