Modular construction is a method in which structural units or modules are manufactured off-site in factories, then transported and assembled at the construction site. The prefabricated modules are completed with mechanical, electrical and plumbing (MEP) accessories, and this procedure can occur both externally and on site. The use of modular construction provides multiple advantages over traditional construction, such as:
- Shortening project timelines
- Better product quality
- Greater security on site
- Fewer workers are needed
- Reduction of environmental impact, noise and air pollution
As mentioned above, modular units are equipped with MEP systems installed on site or in factories. However, the coordination and manufacturing of these systems has always been a challenge for construction professionals. Design challenges include:
- Determining the Optimal Distribution of MEP Systems in Crowded Spaces
- Avoiding interference between building systems
- Fulfilling diverse design and operation criteria
Building Information Modeling (BIM) software is a powerful tool when designing MEP systems for modular construction. BIM can be used for coordination and documentation in the manufacturing of MEP systems. This way, construction companies can improve quality and, at the same time, reduce costs.
Building Information Modeling
BIM software provides a platform for construction professionals to create digital models. The design, construction schedule, cost, and life cycle of a structure can be analyzed and simulated automatically. BIM allows design engineers, architects and construction contractors to visualize the entire scope of a project – they can focus on important decisions as tedious tasks are automated.
BIM innovations and improvements for MEP modular construction
As mentioned previously, there are four dimensions to each construction model: design (3D) and schedule (4D). However, the modern design approach to buildings also considers cost (5D) and life cycle (6D).
Project
BIM allows professionals to create and visualize a 3D construction model. This can be done for an entire building or for individual modules. With these models, users can analyze geometries, locations, gaps, and relative positions in a way that is not possible with 2D designs.
When using BIM for modular construction projects, the most valuable advantage is facilitating collaboration and communication. BIM is particularly useful when working with construction documents, rapid prototypes, exterior envelopes, interior finishes and MEP fixtures.
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BIM software can identify conflicts, interferences and collisions between MEP systems before manufacturing, while all project participants work simultaneously. This is a huge benefit: interferences can be represented in 3D models instead of traditional methods such as overlaying drawings, or even worse, during the installation process. Once the model is complete, drawings can be generated easily, minimizing change orders and material waste.
To schedule
BIM systems simplify scheduling during the design and construction phases. Through BIM tools, users can link construction schedules to individual building systems or components to plan the sequence of critical activities. Effective scheduling speeds up design, allowing sections of MEP systems to be prefabricated and installed more quickly.
Cost
BIM can also automate cost estimation and users can analyze how design decisions affect the total cost of a project. When generating 3D models, users can assign cost data to the materials or components used. Then, the cost information in the BIM model can be used to create estimates and track expenses.
Before the use of BIM software, cost estimates would be generated from quantity taking using 2D drawings. BIM automates this process with 3D models, and the information is automatically updated when changes are applied. In the traditional approach, design changes required repeating long calculations.
Life Cycle Analysis
Life cycle analysis is relatively new in BIM. It focuses on delivering modular buildings that are resource efficient, environmentally sustainable, cost-effective and enjoyable for occupants throughout their life cycle.
Using BIM tools and the created model, modular buildings can be analyzed in an interactive format. BIM can be used for measures such as green building materials, energy efficiency, daylighting, water conservation, site assessment, indoor health, environmental impact reduction, sustainable operation and maintenance.
Using BIM in a modular construction project offers multiple benefits. The project uses materials and labor more efficiently, as the entire process, from planning to construction, is better organized. Building Information Modeling allows for better project coordination and conflict detection between systems. BIM also has marketing applications, as 3D models, renderings and animated paths can be used to present the project to clients.
